Estimativa de parâmetros genéticos em Plukenetia volubilis com base em caracteres de germinação de sementes

Abstract

Plukenetia volubilis is the specie that needs selection to enable commercial exploration of culture, especially about seed quality, because populations with rapid and uniform germination of seeds, followed by ready emergence seedling are highly desirable characteristics. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters based on germination performance characters, infer on the genetic variability of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) and describe the type of germination of the specie. Two experiments were conducted at Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental in a greenhouse during two periods: Amazon winter, average temperatures minimum and maximum of 68 °F and 87.8 °F, 91% RH, 49 ml of monthly evaporation and 91 monthly hours of insolation and the Amazon summer average temperatures minimum of 73.4 ° F and maximum of 93 °F , 83% RH, 67 ml of monthly evaporation and 179 hours monthly insolation. 25 progenies of P. volubilis were evaluated in each test, in a completely randomized design in 4 replicates of 5 seeds per plot. The characteristics were evaluated: Emergence seedling substrate (E), Emergence first count (FC), Emergence speed index (ESI), Diameter of the stem (DS), hypocotyl length (H) and aerial length part of seedlings (LS). Individual and joint variance analysis were performed, Scott Knot test and estimate genetic parameters. Seedling leveling occurred between 19 to 41 days and 25-42 days, respectively, in Amazon winter and summer seasons. In the analyses of individual and joint variance experiments to E, ESI and FC, there was a significant effect (P <0.05) treatments. In the joint analysis there was a significant effect of sowing date and genotype x sowing date for E, FC and ESI. The values of broad-sense heritability ranged from 7.551 (LS) to 91.587 (ESI). The ESI characteristics of the individual analysis showed high values of heritability and favorable conditions for selection. The germination of P. volubilis can be classified as the epigeal phanerocotylar and the matrix plants in this study have significant genetic variability for the characters E, ESI, LS, DS and H indicating the possibility for selection of progeny with superior quality seeds and seedlings characteristics