Estudo das propriedades físicas e mecânicas de três espécies florestais

Abstract

The sustained forest management is accepted as an appropriate technological solution for the Amazon Region. The selective explotation of the traditional wood species is causing the shortage of those species. It is necessary to improve the use of the Amazon forest resources, taking the maximum advantage of their potentialities. The wood species explored for commercial uses are few, and there are many others with use potential. This study was done with the objective of evaluating the physical and mechanical properties of 3 species of Brazilian tropical woods. It has been evaluated static bending, (Module of Rupture – MOR and Module of Elasticity – MOE) Janka hardness, compression perpendicular to the fibers, traction normal to the fibers as mechanicals parameters. For the characterization of physical properties, determined the apparent specific gravity at 12% relative humidity for each species, shrinkage (tangential, longitudinal and radial shrinkages and Volumetric shrinkage), and anisotropy coefficient. The study of physical and mechanical properties of species Breu-vermelho, Pequiarana e Tauari-vermelho is essential for industrial use. For this, 01 trees were felled, for each species in study. The trees were deployed for the preparation of specimens used for physical and mechanical testing. We considered the results of standard tests (NBR 7190:1997, Timber Structures Design, Annex B, Brazilian Association of Technical Standards). For a choice of wood project design defined structural classes of resistance in the NBR 7190/1997 Breu-vermelho and Tauari-vermelho class C20 and Pequiarana C30 according to results of apparent density. According to the anisotropy factor of the Breu-vermelho and Pequiarana should be characterized as normal quality wood can be widely used in construction and Tauari-vermelho wood considered as excellent sought for uses that do not allow bends, twists, such as window, furniture, musical instruments. For the least resistance presented by Breu-vermelho under compression, this should be avoided in situations of structural design. The static bending test for the species indicates Pequiarana structure for use on roofs, beams. Woods Pequiarana and Tauri-vermelho have the potential for floors and decks in accordance with the results of testing the hardness obtained in this study and comparisons with different results in the literature.