Desenvolvimento e caracterização de telhas cimentícias reforçadas com tecido de fibras vegetais da Amazônia

Abstract

In the present research, the mechanical characterization of reinforced cementitious tiles with the natural vegetal fibers of the Amazon was carried out. The cement matrix was modified by the partial replacement of the cement by the residue of ground brick for the reduction of the calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2) generated during the cement hydration process. In order to develop the tile, a self-compacting matrix was produced with 2 layers of jute and mauve plant fibers. Physical properties such as water absorption capacity, void index and specific mass were determined. Marsh’s funnel and consistency tests carried out in order to determine the dosage of the superplasticizer. The principal tests used for the mechanical characterization of the matrix and composites were axial compression, direct traction and flexural tensile at four points. The results of the physical-mechanical tests indicate that the fibers used present a potential use as reinforcement of the cementitious plates, forming a composite of high strength, presenting good mechanical properties and of promising durability in the development of structural pieces. The composites with 50% substitution of the Portland cement for the ceramic residue showed superior resistance to 0%, about 18% in the flexural traction and 12% in the direct traction, besides presenting a behavior of multiple cracking in both flexion and traction. In the tiles reinforced with jute fiber and mauve treated, the addition of 50% of ground brick residue reduced the action of the calcium hydroxide, contributing to increase the adhesion, strength and durability of the tiles, which presented good behavior in the permeability tests, Bending and impact resistance, superior to non-asbestos reference tile.