Plezi, mwen se ayisyen: trajetórias de migração qualificada, projetos artísticos e protagonismos culturais de haitianos no Brasil
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Universidade Federal do Amazonas
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La présente thèse s'attardent sur le profil des transmigrants haïtiens qui exercent des
protagonismes culturels au Brésil. Bien qu'elle ne délimite pas une règle fixe pour les types de protagonismes, cette étude s'intéresse, à partir du propre terrain ethnographique lui-même, aux trajectoires de vie et de mobilité des artistes plasticiens, chanteurs, compositeurs, poètes et étudiants. Ainsi, nous prétendons analyser les trajectoires des immigrants haïtiens qui se présentent comme artistes ou qui jouent un rôle de protagoniste culturel au Brésil. Quant à nos objectifs plus spécifiques, nous proposons une discussion non seulement autour de la création artistique et culturelle de ces immigrants, mais également autour des défis rencontrés dans les actions de protagonismes culturels au cours du processus d'insertion de ces immigrants au sein de divers espaces sociaux brésiliens. Bien qu'elle n'ait pas été considérée initialement comme un objectif spécifique dans la préparation du projet de thèse, l'insertion sur le marché du travail est mise en avant dans la mesure où nos interlocuteurs immigrants présentent les récits de leurs trajectoires. À cette fin, nous avons entrepris une ethnographie interprétative et utilisons comme méthode complémentaire, entre autres modalités, la collecte de données sur internet. Sur le plan théorique, nous proposons un travail de nos données dans la perspective de la transmigration (SCHILLER ; BASCH & BLANC, 2019) et reprenons
la notion de trajectoires selon Bourdieu (2006) en dialogue avec des théories qui considèrent également l'agentivité de l'individu migrant (MA MUNG, 2009) même si cet immigrant est conditionné à des macro-structures politiques (SAYAD, 2000), parmi d'autres théories, comme le postcolonialisme (BHABHA, 1998). Nos principaux résultats montrent que l'immigration haïtienne au Brésil est hétérogène et multiforme, en ce sens qu'elle englobe divers profils qui intègrent un cycle plus large de mobilité des Haïtiennes et des Haïtiens vers divers pays du monde entier. À partir des trajectoires recueillies sur le terrain, nous nous rendons compte que les Haïtiens eux-mêmes créent et alimentent des réseaux d'intégration et de solidarité auxquels ils peuvent accéder pour maximiser les gains et réduire les pertes au cours du processus. Ainsi, nous soulignons que les projections individuelles de nos interlocuteurs ont des répercussions en tant que résultats collectifs.
This Thesis focuses on a profile of Haitian transmigrants who play cultural roles in Brazil. Although it does not define a fixed rule for the types of protagonists, this study falls, guided by the ethnographic field itself, in the life and mobility trajectories of plastic artists, singers, composers, poets and students. Therefore, we aim to analyze the trajectories of Haitian immigrants who are represented as artists or who exercise cultural prominence in Brazil. Our more specific objectives are also to dialogue about the artistic-cultural creation of these immigrants, as well as to verify the challenges faced in the actions of cultural protagonisms during the process of insertion of these immigrants in the most varied Brazilian social spaces; and although it was not considered as a specific objective in the elaboration of the thesis project, the insertion in the labor market comes to light as our immigrant interlocutors present the narratives about their trajectories. For that, we undertook an interpretive ethnography and used as an additional method, among other modalities, data collection in cyberspace. Theoretically, we worked with our data from the perspective of transmigration (SCHILLER; BASCH & BLANC, 2019); we import the notion of trajectories by Bourdieu (2006) in dialogue with theories that also consider the agentivity of the migrant individual (MA MUNG, 2009) even though this immigrant is conditioned to political macrostructures (SAYAD, 2000); among other theories, such as post-colonialism (BHABHA, 1998). Our main results show that Haitian immigration to Brazil is heterogeneous and multifaceted, in the sense that it encompasses different profiles that integrate a broader process of mobility of Haitians and Haitians to different countries in the world and; based on the trajectories accessed in the field, we realize that the Haitians themselves create and maintain networks of integration and solidarity that can be accessed by themselves to maximize gains and reduce losses during the process; as well as, we emphasize that the individual projections of our interlocutors have repercussions as collective results.
This Thesis focuses on a profile of Haitian transmigrants who play cultural roles in Brazil. Although it does not define a fixed rule for the types of protagonists, this study falls, guided by the ethnographic field itself, in the life and mobility trajectories of plastic artists, singers, composers, poets and students. Therefore, we aim to analyze the trajectories of Haitian immigrants who are represented as artists or who exercise cultural prominence in Brazil. Our more specific objectives are also to dialogue about the artistic-cultural creation of these immigrants, as well as to verify the challenges faced in the actions of cultural protagonisms during the process of insertion of these immigrants in the most varied Brazilian social spaces; and although it was not considered as a specific objective in the elaboration of the thesis project, the insertion in the labor market comes to light as our immigrant interlocutors present the narratives about their trajectories. For that, we undertook an interpretive ethnography and used as an additional method, among other modalities, data collection in cyberspace. Theoretically, we worked with our data from the perspective of transmigration (SCHILLER; BASCH & BLANC, 2019); we import the notion of trajectories by Bourdieu (2006) in dialogue with theories that also consider the agentivity of the migrant individual (MA MUNG, 2009) even though this immigrant is conditioned to political macrostructures (SAYAD, 2000); among other theories, such as post-colonialism (BHABHA, 1998). Our main results show that Haitian immigration to Brazil is heterogeneous and multifaceted, in the sense that it encompasses different profiles that integrate a broader process of mobility of Haitians and Haitians to different countries in the world and; based on the trajectories accessed in the field, we realize that the Haitians themselves create and maintain networks of integration and solidarity that can be accessed by themselves to maximize gains and reduce losses during the process; as well as, we emphasize that the individual projections of our interlocutors have repercussions as collective results.
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JORDÃO, Roziane da Silva. Plezi, mwen se ayisyen: trajetórias de migração qualificada, projetos artísticos e protagonismos culturais de haitianos no Brasil. 2022. 254 f. Tese (Doutorado em Antropologia Social) - Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus (AM), 2022.
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