Caracterização morfométrica e química de frutos de taperebá (spondias mombin l.) coletados em Itacoatiara - Am

Abstract

The interest in the growing of yellow mombim trees in commercial scale has been growing in Brazil, mainly in the North and Northeast regions of the country. This is due to the strong demand and the high value for the pulp of the fruit. In Itacoatiara, pulp extraction originates from extractivism and contributes to the income of the small farmers. Despite of the importance of the pulp of yellow mombim fruit, there is few studies about genetic breeding of this species focus on agronomic and agrindustrial traits for this region. The objective of this work was to study the morphometric and chemical characterization of yellow mombim fruits in order to obtain information that will be useful to initiate the breeding work of yellow mombim, as well as in the selection of matrices with desirable traits by the pulp industry. Fifty yellow mombim trees geographically distant were located in Itacoatiara - AM, but only 48 were used in this study. A triplicate of 12 fruits was collected between January to April of 2017 and January to April of 2018 and the following morphological and chemical variables were measured: Polar fruit diameter (PFD, in mm); Polar seed diameter (PSD, in mm); equatorial fuit diameter (EFD, in mm); equatorial seed diameter (ESD, in mm); fruit weight (FW, in g); seed weight (SW, in g); pulp yield (PY, in %). Potential of Hydrogen (pH, in pH units); soluble solids (SS, in °Brix); titrable acidity (TA, in % in citric acid); soluble solids/ titrable acidity (SS/TA , in ratio). All chemical analyzes were performed according to the procedure described by Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL, 2008).The univariate Skott Knott analysis revealed clusters of yellow mombin trees within 2017 and 2018 seasons as well as clusters of seasons. The correlation pattern of morphometric and fruit chemical variables were repeated across 2017 and 2018 seasons (r2 = 0.95, p-value < 2.2e-16). The dissimilarity among yellow mombin recorded by Mahalanobis distance were not fully repeated across 2017 and 2018 seasons (r2 = 0.45, p-value < 2.2e-16) resulting in some different clusters of yellow mombin in across season, that was expected due the significant interaction detected by ANOVA. However, further investigation is needed to address the influence of climatics factors on observed interaction.