Manipulação farmacológica do ciclo estral, caracterização da gestação e variabilidade genética de paca, Cuniculus paca(Linnaeus,1766.), em cativeiro

Abstract

Known for the excellence of the flavor of your meat paca (paca Cuniculus L.), suffers from intense hunting pressure in the tropics. This factor combined with a low reproductive rate and habitat destruction in some states of Brazil, poses as regionally threatened species. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hormonal treatment on fertility, pregnancy characterize and determine the genetic variability of a population of Cuniculus paca L. in captivity as a contribution to the economic management to conserve the species. In the first study, the effect of progestin implants (Norgestomet) associated with two different doses of gonadotropins, in synchronization and induction of the heats in two groups of cavies (G1 and G2), which received 25 and 50 IU of eCGrespectively, and 0.5 ml of prostaglandin, compared with control (G3), which received no hormone treatment. Females in estrus showed G1 day five, seven, 10.11 (a paca / day) and 14 (two cavies) after implant removal. G2 Females had three days in estrus (two cavies), eight, 11 (three cavies). Pregnancy rates for G1, G2 and G3 were 100%, 66% and 50% respectively. In G1 and G3, 100% of the females produced a litter / delivery, while 50% of the G2 females produced two litters per delivery. In the second study, we described the cell types present in vaginal smears at 30, 60 and 90 days of pregnancy, we determined the plasma concentration of progesterone and the measures of cephalic fetuses. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the cell types found at 60 and 90 days of pregnancy. There were significant differences (p <0.05) between the navicular and superficial cells at 30 days compared to other groups. Progesterone quantified presented an average of 0.54 ± 0.65 and 0.53 ± 0.77 ng / mL at 60 and 90 days. Cephalic measurements (BPD), and the increase of these measures in 30 days were 1.25 (± 0.16) and 2.34 (± 0.25), 1.09 cm (± 0.30). In the third study, 48 individuals were assessed for variability and genetic structure, using as a molecular marker ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats). These markers were efficient in the amplification of genomic DNA of cavies, generating 50 polymorphic loci. The greatest genetic distance between populations forming the squad was among the population of Rio Branco - AC and Tarauacá / Envira - AC (0.5280) and lower in Rio Branco - AC and Belém-PA (0.0421). Genetic analysis generated by the software Structure showed a tendency to cluster among individuals belonging to the same geographic region. The results of this work contributes greatly to a better understanding of the species favoring its use and conservation.