Investigação fitoquímica, atividade antileishmania e inseticida do extrato metanólico dos resíduos madeireiros de Cedrela odorata L.

Abstract

Phytochemical investigations using wood demolition waste led to the isolation of several organic compounds with proven biological potential. The bioprospecting of these substances led this research to investigate the wood residues from the demolition of Spanish cedar (Cedrela odorata), a species protected by law because it is coveted on the world timber market. The methanolic extract was prepared by maceration for 7 days and subjected to chromatographic processes in order to isolate the compounds present in wood residues. For the characterization and/or structural elucidation of the molecules, spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques were used. From the methanolic extract of C. odorata (Meliaceae) 17 substances were obtained, one sesquiterpene: cadalene (1), six triterpenes: oleanolic acid (2), α-amyrin (3), β-amyrin (4), cycloeucalenone (5), multiflorenone (6), α-melianone (7), β-melianone (8) and cycloeucalenol (9), two new polyacetides: 4,6-heptadecadiyne-3β,9β,10α,11β-tetraol (10) and 4,6-heptadecadiyne-3β,9β,10β,11α-tetraol (11), a new isoflavanone: 7-dehydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxy-isofavanone (12), in addition to five limonoids, one of the B-D-seco type: mexicanolide (13) and four D-seco types: gedunin (14), 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin (15), 6α-acetoxygedunin (16) and 7- deacetylgedunin (17). Both the extract and the limonoids tested against the promastigote forms of Leishmania guyanensis and Leishmania amazonensis were active in inhibiting the growth and mortality of the parasites in vitro. An insecticidal microemulsion was produced from the substance mexicanolide, and was applied against whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) biotype B, which showed promising results. This formulation is in the patent application process.