Capacidade funcional em pessoas com sequelas pós-tuberculose pulmonar: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

This study aimed to map the available scientific evidence on functional capacity (FC) in individuals with post-pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) sequelae. Studies were included if they involved adults (≥18 years), cured of PTB, who presented functional sequelae and had their FC assessed through exercise tests, especially the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), conducted in various clinical settings, with no language or time restrictions. The scoping review followed the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches were carried out in eight databases: CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, PEDro, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as two gray literature sources: Cybertesis and Google Scholar. Study selection was performed independently by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved by consensus. Data extraction was also conducted in pairs, using a specific tool, and the results were presented in both narrative and tabular formats. A total of 31 studies were included, involving more than 3,500 participants from different countries. Significant reductions in functional capacity were observed, ranging from a minimum of 69.5% to a maximum of 92%, even years after PTB cure. The 6MWT distances ranged from 80 to 526 meters, reflecting varying levels of functional impairment. Pulmonary rehabilitation, through supervised exercise programs and health education, was the most frequently used intervention to address post-tuberculosis sequelae. It is concluded that functional impairment in individuals with post-PTB sequelae is frequent and long-lasting, indicating the need for multidisciplinary follow-up, assessment with specific instruments, and the inclusion of pulmonary rehabilitation as an essential component of post-treatment care.