Saberes e estratégias de gestão de agroecossistemas familiares no Alto Solimões-AM: uma contribuição ao ensino das ciências ambientais

Abstract

The main objective of the research was to build a technical and educational product to teach environmental sciences teaching, based on a pedagogical orientation of understand and visualization of the family farmers knowledge in the complex process of manage the floodplain agroecosystems in Alto Solimões microregion. For this purpose, was necessary to identify, in the agroecosystems, the processes of family work, to characterize how the farmers family income is perceived and constituted, as well as to describe, in a transversal way, how family agroecosystems management strategies are formulated. This research had as an epistemological tool guide, the paradigm of the systemic complexity and as a field intervention, the Single Case Study, with multiple units of analysis. The study was carried out in Praia de Fátima Community, located in Tabatinga city, Amazonas State, Alto Solimões region. 57.1% of local farmers families participated on the research and interviews, cultural trails, a workshop to create cognitive maps and direct observation that were carried out to collect data. The results allow to understand that the family agro-ecosystems from the floodplain micro-region, are highly complex and dynamic, because they are located in environments influenced by climatic events, mainly related to the flood and precipitation, which are periodical, but with intensities and duration uncertain. Therefore, all agricultural activities carried out by farmers, especially those of agricultural crops, vegetable extractivism, animal husbandry, fishing and hunting, as well as their work strategies, are organized and formulated from an important environmental condition: the pulse of waters. It was also possible to observe that, production for self-consumption is carried out in all farm activities and represents an important source of non-monetary income for the family. By internally keeping a productive unit, the domestic group depends less and less on agroecosystem external conditions to reproduce itself biologically, socially and economically, assuring the community autonomy in the decision-making process. In addition, the sale of the surplus labor, social security benefits, income transfer programs and nonagricultural activities, characterized as pluri-activity, guarantee monetary income to the family, allowing necessary goods acquisition for their supply. Furthermore, the exchange and reciprocity relations also allow the social and economic reproduction of these families in their agroecosystems. Therefore, the research resulted in the construction of a didactic material set, which seeks to facilitate critical and reflexive learning in the school environment on the family farmers daily life who lives in floodplain environments. The material seeks to visualize the complexity that permeates the decision-making process of family farmers, considering that these have in the pulse of the waters their environmental work schedule and income generation.