Metalogênese do depósito aurífero Pilar, Santa Bárbara, MG

Abstract

The gold deposit of Pilar Mine is located in the NW of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero region, in the municipality of Santa Bárbara, Minas Gerais. This deposit is hosted in rocks belonging to the Greenstone Belt Supergrupo Rio das Velhas. The units present in the study area consist of; talco xisto e carbonato-albite-clorita-quartzo xisto, correlates to lithofacies metavulcânicas máfica - ultramáficas do Grupo Quebra Osso; quartzo-clorita xisto, xisto carbonoso and banded iron formations correlated to lithofacies clastic-chemistry metasedimentary of Grupo Nova Lima. These sequences were affected by three deformational events; a) D1 Characterized by folds of isoclinal type, with foliation development S1, b) D2 which generated deformation by shear zones with crenulation (S2) of foliation S1 and foliation milonítica S3, interaction of hydrothermal fluids with host rocks, deposition of the ore and quartzo+carbonato, c) D3 Associated with a fault system parallel to the shear zone that generated fracture and then filling of veins without mineralization. Three hydrothermal alteration halos distributed according to the positioning of the mineralized bodies, called the chloritization zone (distal), Carbonation (intermediary) and sericitization (proximal), Being the chlorite, stilpnomelano, anquerita and siderite the minerals representative for each phase. The gold is disseminated in the banded iron formation and as free gold in veins of quartzo+carbonato associated with sulfides, mainly arsenopyrite. A variation in Fe and Mg content was identified in the chemical analyzes, for carbonates (dolomite, anquerite and siderite), Chlorite (clinochlore and chamosite), biotite (annita), and iron oxides (magnetite). The sulphides were classified as arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and pyrite. In general the deposit presents mineral paragenesis under conditions of amphibolite facies (biotita+quartzo+magnetita), hosted in an inverted isoclinal type structure with variable axis on the plan NE-SW (050/70), bounded by shear zones and inverse faulting (033/50), with controlled mineralization by folding hinge zone and by shear zones of conjugated carácter and a hydrothermal fluid that interacted significantly with the nesting rocks. In this way we can indicated that the Pilar deposit has metalogenetic characteristics, compared to with other deposits of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, is of the epigenetic type and similar to orogenic gold deposits.