Modelagem da distribuição potencial de espécies de angelim (Fabaceae) na Amazônia para a conservação e uso dos recursos genéticos

Abstract

The Amazon rainforest is home to a rich biodiversity, and is responsible for providing ecosystem services. However, in the opposite direction to the preservation of this forest, there is a growing deforestation as a result of anthropic actions, such as the change of land use and fires, which places Brazil in the international scenario as the fourth largest emitter of effect gases greenhouse in the atmosphere. The actions promoted by man have caused irreversible environmental damage, changing the natural environment and causing loss of habitat for many species, influencing the distribution of species and their populations, especially those located in peripheral areas, where there are unique, endemic populations, due to environmental change in climate transition zones. Among the native species in the Amazon that are under strong exploitation pressure, those popularly known as “angelim” stand out, among them species Hymenolobium excelsum, Vatairea sericea and Dinizia excelsa. Thus, the aim of this study was to predict the occurrence of angelim species to support decision making for the conservation of their genetic resources. The applied methodology determined the species occurrence areas, generating occurrence prediction maps, with the use of geographic information systems – GIS. As for the survey of deforested areas, accumulated deforestation data by clear cut (2008-2020) were used based on PRODES monitoring, in addition to historical series of Landsat satellite images, referring to the period 2000-2020, in order to monitor the evolution of deforested areas at points in the “arc of deforestation”. The main current distribution area of H. excelsum, D. excelsa and V. sericea is the territorial extension of the Amazon. Future climate scenarios show that this area will continue to have the highest climatic suitability for the species, even in the most pessimistic scenario with the reduction of suitable areas. The studies will provide subsidies for the improvement of public policies aimed at the conservation and use of angelim species.