Micropropagação, resgate de embriões e avaliação do efeito de microrganismos endofíticos em helicônias

Abstract

The flowers and ornamental plants cultivation stands out as an important agronomical activity. But despite the economical and market potential of these regional native species: helicônia, bastão, sorvetão and other plants, is necessary more basic studies about the use of advanced techniques in getting propagated material with quality assurance and good phytosanitary aspect. The objective of this study was to obtain plantlets from floral apices of Heliconia rauliniana and embryos rescue of H. marginata, identifies, inoculation of bacterial isolates and evaluate the effect of these microorganisms in the development of micropropagated plants. Established the plants micropropagation process, it was isolated from matrices root, bacterial isolates and, according to the classification criteria of activity levels of nitrogen biological fixation, phosphate solubilisation and auxin production, it was selected six Heliconia rauliniana isolates and eight of Heliconia marginata. The first experiment were inoculated in in vitro plants of H. rauliniana, the B4, B5, B8, B13, B16 and B18 bacterial isolates and on H. marginata micropropagated plants, the B1, B2, B4, B6, B7, B10, B12, B14 and B16 isolates and, then transferred to plastic boxes containing sterilized substrate Plantmax (Horticulture) and maintained under greenhouse. After 60 days of inoculation, it was realized the evaluation of root growth promotion, selecting the three isolates that showed the best results: B18, B5 and B13 (H. rauliniana) and B7, B6 and B10 (H. marginata). In the second experiment we used the B18, B5, B13 and B6, B7, B10 selected in the first experiment and inoculated in 60 plants, distributed on five treatments: control, B18, B5 and B13, cocktail x plant and control, B6, B7, B10, cocktail x plant with 12 plants per treatment. The results presented after 60 days, don’t were significant on the level of 0.05% and one good faith coefficient of 95% (ANOVA) for root growth promotion, number of leaves, plant height, fresh weight and dry weight. The plants survive was 83.3%. For microorganisms identify, it was used the analysis of the fragment about 800 bp of the 16S rDNA (Primer 27f). The sequencial analysis via Blast showed three bacterial groups: Burkholderia, Ralstonia e Enterobacteriaceae (Pantoea/Erwinia).