Mães negras: as crises próprias do tornar-se mãe e suas influências no estabelecimento de vínculo mãe - bebê

Abstract

This study aimed at analyzing how black mothers experience the crises established with the arrival of the first child and, as such crises influence the establishment of bond between mothers and babies. The research was constructed from the qualitative method, using content analysis and structuring from the case study method. Three mothers were interviewed, indicated by members of the social movements of the City of Manaus - AM. Such women should take into account the profile adopted for the research: black mothers, aged between 15 and 25 years, with a single child aged 2 to 5 years, married or not. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews where the aim was to understand aspects of pregnancy, delivery, puerperium and the dynamics of the mother-baby relationship and their influence on the bond. After the data collection, the material was read according to the criteria of the content analysis method, seeking to identify the sense nuclei present in the interviewees' speech, passing the subsequent division into analytical categories. The aspects present in each category gave rise to the writing of the cases, subdivided into: contextualization; Family dynamics and experiences, motherhood and bonding. For the discussion, we proposed the hermeneutic encounter between the phenomena present in the speeches of those interviewed with psychoanalytic theory, health research, cultural and historical concepts and psychic transmission. For the contextualization of the study, we present a historical survey on maternity and attachment aspects and seek to explore the concept of crisis from the perspective of several scholars on the subject. Having done this, we draw a timeline, from the description of a brief historical account of the black maternity of the remote times from slavery to contemporaneity, where we seek to contextualize the presence of black women in the Amazon. The results obtained point to several forms of attachment in which the female presence predominates and the issues of the mother 's own experience, narcissistic experiences that precede motherhood itself, being part of women' s life history and influencing the bond established with their babies. We consider that it is possible that the transgenerational psychicality acts on black women from historically constructed content, and even that women are charged with excessive charges by themselves and society on becoming a mother without taking into account that the How it plays this role is totally linked to their experiences as daughters, and also the importance of observing the relevance of psychological support to mothers in all phases of gestation, childbirth and puerperium, in order to contribute to the mental health of mothers And for the construction of subsidies for coping with crises triggered by the arrival of the first child.