Geotecnologias e a problemática dos resíduos sólidos urbanos em Tefé, AM

Abstract

The issue of urban solid waste is a globalized question, as well as the urbanization human kind. In spite of the relation between Gross domestic product (GDP) and the generation of per capita waste, the problem affects all cities, from the poorest to the rich ones. Due to this, the cities in the Amazon are not free of the problem and also present huge numbers in generation of solid waste. Thus there is a considerable difference between the collecting services and final disposal facilities for solid waste in these cities and those in other regions. The poor infrastructures of several Amazonian counties result in difficulties for urban solid waste management due to the attendance of the environmental legislation. The objective of this study was the analysis, under the viewpoint of the environmental legislation and, considering the physiographical features of the Amazonian region, the alternatives of sites for final disposal of urban solid waste in the municipality of Tefé, in the Amazonas State, Brazil. Also, characterize the collecting conditions and final disposal of solid waste of the county and map potential areas for a sanitary municipal landfill. To set a location for a new landfill installation, landfill installation, tabular and map data were used legal and environmental criteria, as well as Tefé s infrastructure and availability. As decision making was used a multicriteria analysis, based on GIS, by Weighted Overlay ArcGIS software. While alternatives exist, sites for the installation of landfill in Tefé, an adaptation of the CONAMA Directive number 04/95 to the reality of the city infrastructure is necessary, related to the category of airport and its security. The requirement of disposing municipal waste beyond 20 km from the geometric center of the airport requires the construction of paved road for more than 7 km long, which would mean environmental and economic impact to the city since it would be necessary deforesting significant forest area. The results showed, indeed, a reality that is not an exclusivity of Tefé, but all municipalities located in the along the river basins, that in almost all cases have the same characteristics and logistics imposed by physiographic issues and the environment in the Amazon