Sazonalidade do índice ultravioleta na cidade de Humaitá-AM: contribuições para prevenção do câncer de pele

Abstract

The Solar Ultraviolet Index (IUV), measures the intensity of UV radiation (280 to 400 nm) that reaches the Earth’s surface in a given time interval. It is a dimensionless dimension that represents the risks to human health due to sun exposure. The IUV is little known in Brazil where, generally, only the Brazilian capitals have this information. Thus, this study aimed to describe the IUV seasonality in the city of Humaitá-AM aiming to prevent skin cancer. The data from the IUV were collected between October 2019 and September 2020, by a UV UV-30A Ultraviolet Ray sensor (200 - 370 nm), connected to the Arduino Uno R3 platform used as datalogger for store the data. Readings were taken every 10 s and averages were recorded every 10 min. The IUV ’s were grouped into three distinct intervals: Interval A (7 am to 9 am), Interval B (10 am to 2 pm) and Interval C (3 pm to 5 pm) and then compared between the dry and rainy periods. The boxplot graphs were plotted, using the free software R-Studio, to assess the hourly variability of the IUV In addition, this work evaluated the propensity and prevalence of skin cancer in Humaitá, considering the accumulated values of biologically active ultraviolet solar radiation and the existing phototypes. Finally, through questionnaires, the perception that high school students have about solar radiation and its effects on human health was investigated. The IUV maximum mean can vary from 4 to 8, in summer it is constant and equal to 4, in autumn it varies from 4 to 6 and in winter from 8 to close to 11. In the rainy season (PC), excluding the month October, which requires indispensable precautions in intervals C, the other months do not represent health risks due to exposure to RUV in intervals A and C. In interval B still of CP, every month, except for May that imposes care only recommendable, configure indispensable care and with greater rigor in October and November. In the dry period (PS) there is no need for precautions in interval A. However, in intervals B and C for the entire PS, the adoption of precautions for exposure to RUV are extremely indispensable. Between 2016 and 2020, 47 cases of non-melanoma skin cancer and only 2 melanomas were recorded. The population of Humaitá has 68.60 % of individuals with phototypes V. Finally, it was found that only 36 % of students are able to define solar radiation and that 36 % are aware of the beneficial and harmful effects acquired from exposure to sunlight . Therefore, this work, besides providing relevant information for the description of 𝐼𝑈𝑉 in the region, makes possible subsidies for the promotion of public policies aimed at the prevention of skin cancer in the municipality. It also instigates the need to present the theme with greater emphasis on public schools in the basic education network.