Associação entre os padrões espaciais da incidência de hanseníase em menores de 15 anos e a condição de vida em Manaus, Am

Abstract

The decent standard of living goes beyond the bias of the economy and emphasizes the cultural, political and social values that directly influence the quality of human life. For this to occur the condition of life of a given population, it must seek biopsychosocial interaction in order to ensure a long and healthy life. Objective: To identify the priority areas for occurrence of leprosy cases and their relation to the condition of life in children under 15 years for the city of Manaus-AM, in the census year of 2010. Method: Research with epidemiological approach of analytical character of the ecological type, with analysis unit districts of the census sector. The data related to leprosy were collected in the databases of the Information System of Notifiable Diseases and the Foundation of Health Surveillance of Amazonas and the information for the Indicator Adapted from Living Conditions, from the 2010 Demographic Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography And Statistics. To obtain the Indicator Adapted from Living Conditions the variables passed through the Factorial and Technical Analysis of hierarchical cluster analysis by means of SPSS version 19.0, to divide the units of analysis into strata according to the living conditions were defined by quartilhes, the thematic map of living conditions was performed by Terra View software version 4.2.2. To obtain the spatial pattern of leprosy, the indicator underwent a descriptive analysis using SPSS version 19.0. Terra View version 4.2.2 software helped to obtain the thematic maps related to leprosy. After obtaining the standard, the units of analysis were classified according to the degree of endemicity. In the final stage the data according to the Adapted Life Conditions Indicator and the leprosy rate underwent a linear regression model. Results: In the period from 2009 to 2015, 173 new cases of leprosy were reported in children under 15 years of age in Manaus. The incidence coefficient in this age group oscillated, during those years, between 6.3 cases / 100 thousand inhabitants. (Very high) and 3.8 cases / 100 thousand inhabitants. (High endemic level). The population of children under 15 years of age in the municipality of Manaus is responsible for 173 notifications, out of 1,878 cases in the general population, which corresponds to 9% of new cases of leprosy recorded in the years 2009 to 2015. The thematic map made possible the spatial distribution of New cases of leprosy reported in the districts of Manaus between 2009 and 2015, highlighting areas with higher rates. We observed that the disease was classified as hyperendemic in the neighborhoods of Puraquequara, Antônio Colônia Antônio and Distrito Industrial II, Presidente Vargas, Centro, Novo Israel, Santa Etelvina and Aleixo. Regarding the living conditions, the indicators presented significant correlations with each other, according to p lesser value 0.05. The coefficient values indicate a strong (r> = 0.8) or moderate (r> = 0.5 and <= 0.8) correlation between the indicators. In the analysis of main components, we obtained the cumulative variance factor of 0.6731 of the variables analyzed in this study to construct the IACV, thus considering a single factor for its composition. The neighborhoods were classified into 4 groups, according to the quartiles of the distribution of IACV values. The linear regression analysis allowed to verify a positive and statistically significant association (p <0.05) between the leprosy incidence coefficient among children under 15 years and the IACV. Conclusion: The detailed knowledge of the municipality of Manaus, observing the relationship between the living conditions and the health-disease process of leprosy in children under 15 years, described the magnitude and distribution of this public health problem, brought reflections on the focus of research, Highlighting the living conditions and social reality of the population. Providing essential data for the planning of public health policies and social policies for the control and elimination of leprosy, as well as establishing improvements in living conditions in the municipality.