Estudo químico de galhos de Zanthoxylum djalma-batistae e ráquis foliar de Spathelia excelsa (Rutaceae)

Abstract

The family Rutaceae presents a great diversity of secondary metabolites with potential biological and/or pharmaceutical, which has attracted interest in the studies of its species. Although the Amazon possess a great diversity of species belonging to this family, there are few studies involving the identification of their secondary metabolites. To contribute to the knowledge of the chemical profile of the family in the region, was selected for this study Zanthoxyllum djalma-batistae (Albuq.) P.G. Waterman and Spathelia excelsa (Krause) R.S. Cowan & Brizicky species. Thus, were collected branches of Z. djalma-batistae and foliar rachis of S. excelsa of individuals occurring in the Ducke Reserve for phytochemical studies. The branches methanolic extract of Z. djalma-batista was submitted to a partition, resulting in 4 organic phases. The hexane and dichloromethane phases, after successive fractioning gave the isolation of the mixture of the triterpenes lupeol and epilupeol. The methanolic extract of the foliar rachis of S. excelsa was fractionated on a column of silica gel yielding 56 fractions. The fraction 43 was subjected to further fractionation in columns of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 resulting in the isolation of limonoids perforatine and limonine diosphenol, in addition to chromone identified as biflorin. The fractionation of the CH2Cl2 extract was performed on a column of silica gel, resulting in 43 fractions and the fraction 40 with solid was purified in acetone the glabretal triterpene type 3β-angeloyl-21,24-epoxy-7α, 21α,23α,25-tetrahydroxy-4α,4β,8β,10β-tetramethyl-25-dimethyl-14,18-cyclo-5α,13α,14α17α-cholestane. Also the essential oil was obtained for hydrodistillation of the foliar rachis of S. excelsa and on the basis of the analyses for GC/MS were identified 13 volatile components (sesquiterpenes), predominating caryophyllene-epoxide (20.54%), β-bisabolene (9.87%), 1,10-di-epi-cubenol (7.51%) and γ-cadinene (4.68%).