Unidade de conservação: uma alternativa para a gestão ambiental no Estado do Amazonas

Abstract

The creation of protecting spaces is, doubtless, on of the oldest instruments of naturals resources management. The Conservation Units (CU), constitute themselves as political instruments to preservation of the biological diversity, the guarantee of the conservation of representatives samples of the ecosystems and the incentive in some categories, to development of economic activities of low impact, as the extractive one. Transforming the CU into instrument of social inclusion, therefore, since of creation until the management of the Conservation Units, the social participation is fundamental. This research evidences the importance to know as the process of creation of the Conservation Units constitutes in an effective instrument of environmental management in the Amazonas State. It had for objective to know the principles and directives of the environmental management through the process of implementation, contextualization and identification changes that occur in the communities from the creation of the CU and analysis of the process of organization of the traditional populations while they are strategies for the conservation and access to the public policies. The inquiry area had privileged the Extractive people Reserve of the Gregório River, inserted in the Eirunepé Borough, in Amazonas State. The Extractive Reserves considered model of protecting areas genuinely Brazilian, are results of socials movements articulations of extractive people of Amazônia, mainly of tappers for the land rights and to a model of compatible development with the conservation and the sustainable use of the forests. During the bibliographycal consultation, the inquiry had confirmed that the resources management and agrarian prevention conflicts in the CU do not only equate with the creation process, but they have also the necessity to work the specificity of each CU, which participation is only possible when the traditional rules of the spaces using are quite worked. The CU are emerging as an alternative to the State for its real effectuation of the local development, nevertheless, for the Units can fulfill their roles it is still necessary to establish an appropriate system for the CU s management. From the results of this research, it can infer that UC s are fundamentals for the biodiversity and nature conservation, however, this model is a generator of conflicts, inaqualities and socials injustices. The existing conflicts many times are generated by the fiscalization insufficiency and control of the State, as well as by the characteristics of the categories, unsuitable to the local conditions.