Benefícios da atividade do brincar durante procedimentos invasivos e dolorosos em crianças hospitalizadas

Abstract

The understanding of the child has changed over time, assuming different concepts in contemporary society, and before the disease process all health team plays a key role in the care offered, especially the nursing staff. During the child's hospital stay, the playing activity should be configured into a strategy to minimize the negative effects from the health / disease process. The objectives of the study were to investigate the benefits of the activity of playing during invasive and painful procedures in hospitalized children; to characterize the profile of hospitalized children (age and gender) in the surgical ward of a children's hospital; to identify the most preferred toys used during the activity of playing with the hospitalized children; to describe the child's reactions in activity of playing on the invasive and painful procedures; it was used a qualitative approach through non- participant observation, descriptive and exploratory type, held in a reference hospital in the city of Manaus –AM. The study was participating 16 children, aged 4 to 12 years old and the results were presented in a systematic way trying to identify if the play is a relief tool for tension and pain during the course of painful and invasive procedures. For a better understanding of the study results were organized, grouped and categorized into four thematic sub-topics: characterization of the profile of hospitalized children aged between 04-06 years and males showed prevalence of landmarks; the preemptive toys in higher order to lower interest were materials to paint and draw, doll, cart, light pivot, memory and balloon game, and those who aroused immediate interest were electronic games; behaviors and reactions observed in children of preschool age on the procedures with the activity of the play: verbalize refusing, whining, crying, calling their parents, push, move the body and acceptance and those of school age the most common: protest, whining and signal pain through facial expression; the benefits of playing activities identified during the procedural steps were: to promote inter- relationships between children, families and nursing staff, help children in facing life experiences in the process of hospital/care, dealing with the loss of their everyday reality, change the environment they find themselves into, to inform and prepare the child for the necessary procedures to recover their health, thereby bolstering them in their conflicts due to illness and hospitalization. This way, it realizes that the play activity is able to awaken the child's best interests and satisfaction, even when subjected to interventions with painful and invasive procedures performed by nursing staff, favoring an ambience and assimilation of the inherent assistance procedures of hospitalization, thereby minimizing the negative effects that this moment may result in their future life, as fear of hospital, so the research objectives were achieved as to their purpose identified in the subject.