Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana e a fauna de Flebotomíneos (Diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) no município de Tabatinga, Amazonas, BR.

Abstract

The American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is a public health problem worldwide. It is widely distributed in Brazil and the Amazonas population is among the states most affected by the disease in the country. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and entomological leishmaniasis in the municipality of Tabatinga, Amazonas state. The city is situated on the left margin of the Solimões River, the border region to Colombia and Peru. We conducted a retrospective study (seven years), human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis reported in the city, from data supplied by the Municipal Health Tabatinga and fauna survey of sand flies in August 2010 and 2011. Sandfly collections were carried out on the road from the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform - INCRA, Geodesy II, between km 4 and 8, using light traps (CDC) and aspiration in base tree with modified CDC. For statistical analysis we used the abundance index of species (ISA), standardized index of abundance of species (SISA), Index of Shannon-Wiener diversity (H ') and evenness index (J'). Have been reported 41 autochthonous cases of ACL in Tabatinga, where 61.7% were male, aged 30-39 years (24.4%) and farmers (21.9%). The predominant clinical form was cutaneous. We collected 5741 specimens representing 35 species of the genus Lutzomyia, both captured in the sylvatic and peridomiliciar environment. The most abundant species was L. umbratilis (SISA = 1.000). Of this total, 13 species are considered vectors or potential vectors of Leishmania and/or other trypanosomatids. Of the 44 positive samples, 10 were isolated / maintained in culture, eight from L. umbratilis and two L. dendrophyla. Isozyme analysis of these isolates showed similar profiles to Leishmania colombiensis and Endotrypanum sp., however, the profile of MDH locus showed greater similarity to the genus Endotrypanum. It made the report of the occurrence of two new species of sand flies in the Amazonas State (Lutzomyia howardi) and Brazil (Lutzomyia witoto). These are the first information on the phlebotomine fauna in the municipality of Tabatinga and expanding knowledge of the distribution, diversity and natural infection of trypanosomatids in the state of Amazonas