Guia didático colaborativo de trilha interpretativas: uma contribuição para o ensino das ciências ambientais

Abstract

This research was carried out at the Federal Institute of the Amazon - Campus of Tabatinga (IFAM / CTB), having as source an educational manual that can be used as a tool for the teaching of environmental sciences. What has come to be a use of the didactic guide for the teaching of environmental sciences outside the planning of an interpretative trail in the educational unit of the IFAM / CTB. A. It was developed based on the methodological precepts of ethno-ecology. for the specific objectives 01) characterization of the agroecosystem of the IFAM units: i) territorial delimitation of IFAM/CTB; ii) study on the historicity of spatial and temporal occupation of the area. 02) to identify the interpretative aspects and aspects of teaching ability in science teaching, from three stages: i) Ethnological survey with a guided return technique, with the participation of IFAM / CTB officials (teachers and education subjects) and former residents of the study site; ii) ethnobotanical survey; iii) Mapping of the aspects with interpretative potential. 03) Elaboration of the Trail with Interpretive Script: The "Indicators of Attractiveness of the Interpretative Points" (IAPI) Through the environmental history of the pre-existing track it was possible to understand the process and occupation of the UED / IFAM. Before the 1990s, the area currently belonging to the IFAM / CTB was used for livestock activities. From the 90s onwards, three families started to occupy this space, beginning with the creation of small animals, cultivation of fruit plants and short cycle plants. In the year 2008 and 2010, these families leave these properties and the city hall through donation passes them to the IFAM / CTB that occupy a total of 20ha of land. In this territory educational production units were installed, focused on pedagogical practices attending the technological teaching courses of the institution. In 2015 there was the beginning of implementation of the ecological trail, but not planned, using a space in the UED. In the following years pre-existing trails made by the ancient residents are used to access their crops. From the environmental history and with the participation of interactors (former residents and education professionals of the IFAM / CTB) it was possible to characterize the components of landscapes in the UED (site, old farmland, capoeira, grassland, degraded area, spring and igarapé) and through ethnoecological and ethnobiological techniques it was possible to identify the environmental aspects with interpretative potential. We identified 49 points with potential for attractiveness, which, after analysis using the criteria proposed in the IAPI method, were selected 19 initial attractiveness points for interpretation and integrated into the collaborative didactic guide and thus be used in teaching environmental sciences. The trail is a means of teaching collaboratively, contextualizing the specific characteristics of the place and taking into account local knowledge in the construction of knowledge from the environmental sciences.