Masculinidades revisitadas: concepção de homens com câncer de pênis sob o viés da Fenomenologia de Heidegger

Abstract

In Brazil, cancer is considered a public health case due to its prevalence. Sickness due to cancer causes numerous changes in the person's daily life. As cancer of the penis is a rare neoplasm, the treatment of which causes devastating effects on the physical and mental health of the patient, the aim of this study was to understand the concept of masculinity in men after communicating the diagnosis of penis cancer under the bias of Heidegger. For this, the research bias was qualitative, using the parameters of the phenomenological research method in Psychology and the research instrument was the recorded audio phenomenological interview, carried out from a guiding question, subsidized by the Diário de Campo. For the analysis of the interviews, the four steps of the phenomenological-psychological method proposed by Giorgi were used. Two men diagnosed with penile cancer were monitored by this research, accompanied by a specialized health institution, one of whom had already removed part of the penile structure and the other was being monitored for the surgery. Five (5) thematic categories were identified with subcategories: 1) About the experiences: before and after the diagnosis and its subcategories: 1.1) Modifications prior to the diagnosis; 1.2) Communication of the diagnosis: emotions exacerbate; 2) "You have cancer in the penis": masculinity revisited and its subcategories: 2.1) The initial experience of the verdict: I stopped being a man; 2.2) Resizing the self-being diagnosed with penile cancer; 3) And the ec-sistir undergoes changes after the surgery: prospects, possibilities and contradictions; 4) Constituents of coping and its subcategories: 4.1) Family configuration: the expressiveness of well-being, of being-together; 4.2) In religiosity, the support for the understanding of the lived; 5) Difficult, complicated: the focus on relationships in the health institution. It is concluded that a challenge is presented to these men with regard to their insertion in the world of cancer; that initially the dimension is that his masculinity, the man-being is totally related to the penis; that after some time they realize that they have not stopped being men because of the removal of the penile structure or the possibility of being submitted to surgery; that there are possibilities to go on with their lives; that family support and religiosity are coping mechanisms; that the relationship with health professionals is deficient, so it is fitting that strategies be thought from these premises.