Avaliação do grau de conhecimento dos princípios básicos de antibioticoterapia de médicos que atuam em urgência e emergência no Estado do Pará

Abstract

The inappropriate use of antimicrobials is a determinant factor for the spread of bacterial resistance. The emergence of bacterial resistance represents, worldwide, a public health problem. Several countries have used strategies such as restriction policies to make more rational use, particularly in hospitals where the use is more prevalent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of knowledge of basic principles of antibiotic therapy and role Commission on Hospital Infection Control of doctors in the state of Pará. This study was conducted through questionnaires completed by physicians, pediatricians and surgeons who work in emergency rooms in hospitals of Belem city and the metropolitan region, of Pará State, who have urgent and emergency care, during the period September 2009 to February 2010. 468 questionnaires were returned, of which 235 physicians, 120 pediatricians and 113 of surgeons. The prescription of 7 days duration corresponded to 56.9% among clinicians, which was the most prescribed antibiotic was azithromycin (35.7%) and 64% among pediatricians whose antimicrobial was prescribed amoxicillin. Antibiotic prophylaxis was 51.3% during induction, showing that nearly half, inappropriately prescribe prophylaxis. Of the 113 surgeons, only 30% follow the guidelines of the Commissions of Infection Control to the prescription of antibiotics post-operatively and cefazolin is the most prescribed antibiotic (47%), followed by ceftriaxone (23%). The CBC influences the prescription of antibiotics in 98.4% of surgeons, 93.6% among clinicians and 81.6% among pediatricians and difficulty of follow-up was an important factor for 286 physicians. Factors such as family pressure and volume of visits did not show an influence on prescription. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is treated with 66% of clinicians, 50.4% of surgeons and 71.7% of pediatricians, as well as over 50% of all specialties treat the symptoms of dysuria and fever, no microbiological confirmation of infection. The standardization of antimicrobials exists in 83.3% and only 24 physicians responded that the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee is responsible for the standardization of antimicrobial, and 20.4% do not know strategies for rational use in their hospital. The antibiotics most frequently prescribed by pediatricians was amoxicillin (44%), followed by azithromycin (31%), but the time was inappropriate prescribing among clinicians. Mismatches occurred between surgeons with regard to antibiotic prophylaxis and duration. Only 30% of surgeons following the guidelines of the Commission on Hospital Infection Control, and cefazolin is the most prescribed antibiotic (47%), followed by ceftriaxone in 23%. Regarding the request of cultures only 43% do so before prescribing. The use of inappropriate empirical therapy was found to be cause of mortality in patients with bacteremia caused urinary tract. This study has, among its limitations, the fact that based on these data, which contain a considerable degree of uncertainty, through the bias of information. Data collection was performed at two hospitals with high volume of visits to emergency rooms. It was found difficult to compare the data because both the national and the international literature are relatively rare in studies with the same goals and same design. In conclusion, the study clearly demonstrated that, in Belem, the doctors working in emergency rooms, compared to the basic principles of antimicrobial therapy should be updated in order to unnecessary treatment of viral infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria, and Commission on Hospital Infection Control should be more active with respect to policies of antimicrobials.