Estudo químico do extrato hexânico das folhas e dos extratos dos calos cultivados in vitro de Duroia macrophylla Huber (Rubiaceae)

Abstract

Many synthetic drugs have some relationship to the substances isolated from plants that were the focus of phytochemical studies. In this work, the plant species chosen was Duroia macrophylla (Rubiaceae), popularly known as "apurui" or "purui-grande-damata", which is rich in substances such as terpenes and alkaloids, which could be verified through analyzes and studies previously performed. In this context, the objective of this work was to perform the fractionation of the hexane extract of the leaves of Duroia macrophylla and the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of its callus obtained in vitro. The hexanic extract of the leaves of D. macrophylla was fractionated and in three fractions sitosterol was identified as the main constituent and a sesquiterpene as the major constituent of another fraction, but its structure could not be identified. Fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of the callus of D. macrophylla provided two fractions of high purity, one containing one triterpene as the major constituent and the other containing one sugar. However, it was not possible to identify the structures until the closing of this work. In relation to the antimicrobial potential, the hexane extract from the leaves was able to inhibit the strains of Edwardsiella tarda (1000 μg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1000 μg/mL) and Serratia marcescens (250 μg/mL) and the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of callus showed inhibition against the strains of Aeromonas hydrophila (30 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL), Acinetobacter baumannii (1000 μg/mL and 60 μg/mL), Candida albicans (1000 μg/mL and 30 μg/mL) and Candida parapsilosis (60 μg / mL for both extracts). These results encourage the continued fractionation of leaf extracts and callus of this species in order to isolate the substances responsible for the activities.