Avaliação de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, com ênfase na hipertensão arterial, em indígenas Munduruku

Abstract

Introduction: All cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Brazil and worldwide. The few biomedical studies performed with indigenous village groups reveal that obesity, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, there are ethnic groups that have not yet been investigated for these risk factors. The present study is part of a universal project titled "Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Indigenous Munduruku". Objectives: To compare the cardiovascular risk factors, with emphasis on arterial hypertension, of the Munduruku natives living in the villages of Kwatá, Fronteira, Laranjal and Mucajá. Specific: Describe the anthropometric, metabolic and pressure variables, with emphasis on arterial hypertension; to describe the socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, habits, personal and family history and to identify the possible factor of association of these variables with hypertension. Methodology: Cross-sectional study of a quantitative approach, representative of the ethnic group involved. The study was conducted with 459 indigenous people, aged 18 from the Munduruku ethnic group living in Amazonas, Brazil. An interview was conducted that addressed all the variables of the research. Blood pressure was measured in three measurements and the mean of the last two measurements was used. Physical examination included the following data: weight, height, waist and neck circumference, bioimpedance and capillary measurement of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. The analyzes were carried out using software R 3.5.1. The variables were analyzed using a multinomial regression model, the odds ratios with the respective 95% confidence intervals and p - value were presented. The final multiple model revealed the factors associated with hypertension. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 7.4%. After the adjusted analysis, the variables presented as risk factors were gender, age and waist circumference. The final multiple model revealed that men are 8 times more likely to have prehypertension than women; age showed that with every 1 year increase in age, there is a 10% increase in the chance of hypertension; and people with increased waist circumference are 4 times more likely to have hypertension than those with an adequate waist. Conclusion: Despite the low prevalence of hypertension in the non-indigenous population, the risk factors associated with hypertension that were presented reveal that changes in lifestyle and habits may contribute to the onset of these risk factors and increase the risk of hypertension. cardiovascular diseases among the Munduruku Indians. Therefore, health policies should be directed to indigenous peoples in a way that meets their particularities.