Diversidade fúngica associada a abelhas sem ferrão (Melipona spp.) em Meliponários na cidade de Manaus e Iranduba, Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

The stingless bees are responsible for even 90% of native tree pollination and variety of organism associated with them is big like as insects, mites, bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi. Studies have been related interaction between fungi and stingless bees and this study aimed to identify the diversity of filamentous fungi which are associated with stingless bees (Melipona spp.) in two meliponários from Manaus and Iranduba, both in Amazonas state. It has been used 48 bee collected in rainy and drought seasons on 2013. The bees were collected when they entered in the colony and transferred to sterile tubes and were carried to Microorganisms’ Genetics Laboratory from Federal University of Amazonas (LAGEM), where bees were transferred to salty solution tubes and after that they were plated in triplicate on BDA and SABOURAUD media and incubated at 28 ºC to their development and colonies isolation. After fungi structures visualized, the identification was realized from microcultivation culture development under cover slips and deposited under slides; they were stained by lactophenol blue. Were isolated 482 colonies allocated in 16 genus. Penicillium, Fusarium, Acremonium, Cladosporium, Paecilomyces and Verticilium were genus with high frequency exceeding 50% of isolates; following by Aspergillus, Moneliella, Alysidium, Scedosporium, Rhinocladiella, Tritirachium, Pestalotiopsis, Torula, Mucor and Rhizopus beyond a lot of Mycelia sterilia colony. Genetics analysis of isolates confirmed 16 genus and 12 distinct species. Therefore, in Brazil, with meliponicultivation development in last years, mainly in traditional communities from North and Northeast, is indispensable more and depth studies about existence of these fungi in the surface body of stingless bees, because this study showed the diversity of fungi which are associated with stingless bees is highest and most of this fungi wa not related yet in surface of these insects.