Redes de pesca empregadas pelos pescadores comerciais em uma área de intensa atividade pesqueira do Baixo Amazonas: caracterização, técnicas e eficiência de captura

Abstract

Knowledge about fishing nets used by commercial fishermen is essential for the management of fish stocks. The objective of this work is to analyze the strategies of use of these nets, their structural characteristics, their target species and their CPUE in an area of intense fishing activity of Central Amazonia. The collections were carried out bimonthly during a hydrological cycle. Data collection was done through forms and monitoring of fisheries. The fishing net found were the seine net, and two gill nets that are different both in their construction and in the form of use (fixed and drift), which is reflected in the differentiation of the diversity and abundance of captured species. It was verified that the purse seine is the one with the highest average production for both the biomass (367700 grams) and the number of individuals captured (2232 units). Through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) it was verified that there is a significant difference between all the fishing net tested for both biomass (p = 0.00001) and number of individuals (p = 0.0000). The CPUE ANOVA shows a significant difference between the biomass captured by the net (p = 0.001). The CPUE of the surface drift was the highest in both biomass and number of individuals. The fishing nets of the study area are larger than those already described in the literature for Amazonian areas. The tested tools are differentiated in capture power, trap shape, number of individuals and strategies of use. The purse seine is the device that generates greater production and number of species captured and the surface drift net which results in smaller values for this parameter.