Caracterização e divergência genética entre 18 cultivares de guaranazeiro (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke)

Abstract

The genetic diversity among 18 guarana cultivars was characterized using 20 morphological descriptors including production aiming to support the selection of genetically divergent parents for controlled crosses. The similarity between cultivars was calculated using Gower general similarity coefficient. The dendrogram was constructed based on similarity matrix using the UPGMA clustering criterion. The scatter diagram of the cultivars was constructed based on the method of Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCO). Data were analyzed using the computational resources of the GENES program and MVSP v.3.22. Pairs of similar genotypes were BRS CG505 and BRS CG612 (0,823); BRS Amazonas and BRS CG608 (0,820); BRS Mundurucânia and BRS CG189 (0,807); BRS Cereçaporanga and BRS Andirá (0,805); BRS Marabitana and BRS Maués (0,796); BRS CG189 and BRS CG611 (0,784); BRS Andirá and BRS CG850 (0,771); BRS CG610 and BRS CG505 (0,770); BRS Saterê and BRS CG372 (0,717); BRS CG648 and BRS Andirá (0,703). Genotype pairs were less similar: BRS and BRS Marabitana CG850 (0.699); BRS BRS CG611 and CG882 (0.688); CG505 BRS and BRS Saterê (0.663); BRS BRS CG850 and CG612 (0.646); CG189 BRS and BRS Luzéia (0.640); Saterê BRS and BRS Andirá (0.628); BRS BRS CG189 and CG850 (0.585); BRS 372 and BRS CG850 CG (0.573). The dendrogram formed by the UPGMA method, obtained from the genetic distance Gower using a cutoff value of 0.64 allowed the formation of four groups, and indicated that there is high genetic diversity among cultivars currently recommended for planting in the State Amazon Embrapa Western Amazon. The graphic dispersion analysis method PCO showed good agreement with the cluster analysis by UPGMA method and showed great genetic variability among cultivars evaluated guarana in this work.