Estressores que interferem na assistência de enfermagem prestada ao paciente: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Stress is considered an adaptive response of the body of the individual against the most varied situations especially those threatening. Differences between positive and negative stress characterized as eustress - stress the positive nature and DISTRESS - stress that sick. In the hospital, the nursing staff makes up the largest workforce, participating as a member of the health team, the shares which meet the health needs of patients seen, experiencing unhealthy work conditions, due to excessive workload or double shifts triple work, night work, unexpected situations, lack of essential equipment to support life such as respirators, beds and medications, and inter-relationships that often generate conflicts, among other extremely stressful situations in the workplace. Objective of this study was to identify through the evidence described in the literature surveyed, the main stressors that are exposed to the nursing professional in the exercise of their profession and the organic and psychological changes triggered in professional nursing from its exposure to stressors present in the work environment. As for the design methodology, we conducted a review Integrative according to criteria established by Ganong (1987), a descriptive, qualitative, establishing a data collection tool previously developed for this purpose. The research related to this issue provide important information that can serve as a basis for developing strategies aimed at confronting and overcoming these stressors present in the work environment, qualitatively improving the nursing care provided to patients but also the quality of life of men and women who have chosen to devote part of their lives caring for human beings at times when they are most vulnerable and in need of not only physical care and specific (biological) but emotional, psychological and spiritual as well. Of the 23 studies analyzed the stressors present in the work environment and the nursing staff that affect the quality of care provided to patients, we observed that 82.6% indicated the emotional burden caused by the suffering of others and duty to contain their emotions , then we have the conditions unsuitable and / or unhealthy working with 73.9% of the citations; interpersonal relationships / inter conflicting with 60.8% of the citations, the workload emerges in 56.5% of the work, the pace of work appears in 43.5% of the citations; observed in 30.4% of their citations in task conflict, inadequate staffing organization, decision-making power limited and inadequate environmental factors; still have 21.7% of Quote respectively, coercive power, complexity of work, reporting relationship of technicians and nursing assistants and nurses in relation to salary issues; workload was cited by 17.4% work; fear of unemployment was cited by 8 6% of the work and finally the physical pain was mentioned only in one working analyzed corresponds to 4.3%. Since most studies with design specification and transverse, and as such, it is specific studies, which are reflected in reality of the situation presented in loco where no posterior segment to investigate outcome and therefore do not reflect the reality of other comprehensive institutions of different regions of Brazil. It is suggested that further studies be conducted to analyze more comprehensively the situation now proposed.