A educação como panaceia nas normativas que orientam o atendimento de adolescentes em situação de conflito com a lei: do menorismo à socioeducação

Abstract

The master's dissertation entitled, Education as a panacea in the regulations that guide the care of adolescents in conflict with the law: from minorism to socio-education has the general objective of understanding the educational process of children and adolescents - from minorism to the conception of integral protection – based on the guidelines established by national and international regulations and documents. The study shows that such documents attribute to education the responsibility of curing all the ills of society. The research is based on a bibliographic and documentary analysis, problematizing how education has been presented in the legislation that deals with minors, children and adolescents in Brazil during the 20th century and in the current context? In order to answer the research problem, the study has the following specific objectives: a) to understand the birth of minorism and the influence of regulations and international organizations in the course of legislation on Children and Youth in Brazil; b) analyze how the historical construction of care institutions for children and adolescents in Brazil took place, identifying the type of education recommended to guide the subjects inserted in these institutions; and, c) identify the educational discourse instrumentalized in the regulations and documents aimed at socio-educational care, in the current context. From the analyzes carried out, we showed that in Brazil, the regulations aimed at the care of children and adolescents emerged with the need to establish social control, that is, totally separated from the ideal of protection and based on a minorist perspective that promoted the segregation of the poor childhood and youth in closed institutions. When exploring the role attributed to education and its different types in the texts of Brazilian laws, such as the 1927 Minors Code and the 1979 Minors Code, we observed that the minority perspective, with a repressive and coercive nature, was rooted in its assumptions, limiting the role of education to preparing poor children and adolescents for the demands of the world of work, to serve the ruling class. Finally, when analyzing the educational discourse present in the regulations and documents that guide socio-educational care, currently, beyond the widely discussed perspective, we observe the influence of neoliberal interests and principles that were present in this process, contributing to the results not being effective in practice. The study concludes that in the 20th century, education appears in national and international regulations as a panacea to solve the social problems of the capitalist system, including in the Amazon. When related to the period before the 1990s, the study identified that education was presented as a proposal to solve the structural issues that involved minors. In the context of the doctrine of integral protection, legislation and documents aimed at children and adolescents were widely announced as part of a doctrinal advance for the integral protection of this public, but the analysis concluded that the policies were entangled with neoliberal principles and interests that gained strength. from the end of the 20th century.