Escolas do Campo e formação nos assentamentos de Reforma Agrária no contexto Amazônico: uma análise do acesso à educação no projeto Canoas e Rio Pardo em Presidente Figueiredo, no Amazonas

Abstract

This work is the result of research carried out in the Master's course in Teaching Science and Humanities, at the Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM. Under the title “Schools in the Countryside and Training in agrarian reform settlements in the Amazon Context: an analysis of Access to Education in the Canoas and Rio Pardo Project in Presidente Figueiredo – AM”, the study sought to discuss two public policies, the settlement project aiming at access to housing and assistance resources for settled families, and the Rural Education modality that guarantees the right to education aimed at the rural population, both located in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo - AM. For the construction of the research, it was necessary to outline four categories of analysis and the elements that strengthen each one. Firstly, a theoretical contribution using foundations of agrarian theories, such as the concept of the peasantry, and a reflection on what characterizes peasant subjects. Followed by a discussion on what defines the term public policies and the role of the State in the implementation of such actions, citing examples of bodies and programs that function as a result of government intervention measures about the rural population. And consequently, an explanation of the formation of the projects of agrarian settlements and the first essays about what differs the teaching proposed in the city and for the countryside, so that one can then think about the fundamentals of the Education of the Countryside, and finally, within the In the same section of analysis, a reflection on the performance of groups linked to social movements that played an incisive role during the course and trajectory of peasants in Brazil. This section also provides a reflection on the specificities of the Amazon peasant and the way of life of the peasantry in other regions of the country. The research results and discussions were based on information collected in the field, through visits to communities and schools, and in the documentary survey. With the general objective of analyzing the materiality of public policies aimed at the Canoas and Rio Pardo communities, this study also proposes a critical dialogue about how the two procedures have been implemented in the municipality, based on reports and monitoring of the routine of residents and teachers. The methodological route consists of a quali-quantitative approach, with a descriptive and explanatory nature, where interviews, bibliographical and documental surveys were used as a data collection instrument. The collected data and information were analyzed based on what is established in the Dialectical Historical Materialism method, considering the history and experience of rural men and women, peasant subjects, and subjects of law.