Serviços ambientais (REDD) no âmbito da ordem ambiental global: (des) (re) territorialização da vida na RDS do Juma-AM

Abstract

The sustainable development speech has colonized the nature, and converted it on a natural capital. This new capitalism face has gained force since the 1990´s, which since Rio 92 has taken social, political and mainly economic proportions which is presently called ecocapitalism. The objective of this study is comprehending the REDD Project (Reduction by Deforestation and Degradation) in the Juma sustainable development Reserve, once it is the first Brazilian and American Conservation Unit to be certified by Avoided Deforestation, fact that inserts the State of Amazonas on a Global Environmental Order. We have run ways and (no) ways for reaching three proposed objectives: characterize Juma´s RDS and the REDD Project; identify the REDD impacts in the eight communities under investigation, being: Sâo Francisco do Anape I, Flexal, Boa Frente, Repartimento, Limão, Paiucaua, Cacaia and São Felix, and at last demonstrate the territory use and ordering, according to the Managing Plan. As methodological procedures it was used the participative research with raising of bibliographic sources regarding to categories of analysis and development, ecocapitalism, environmental order, territory and environmental services; searching of primary data through field work with open interviews with five families of the community and semi-structured interviews with UC, CEUC, FAS, SEDUC and IDAM managers. The results of the study have allowed us to understand that the diverse partnership that the Amazonas Sustainable Foundation has tried for developing the REDD in the communities has not helped to improve them. On regard to the territory use and ordering, it was noticed that from the approval of the Managing Plan, the communities started to be normatized, according to the Plan rules, which has directly influenced on the use of the natural resources, as well the RDS zoning and the social and political relationships, causing therefore a disterritorization promoted by the managing organs, creating new territorrilities where prevails an imposition through and agenda which needs to attend capital interests on detriment of the communities. It is expected that this study may dismistificate this ideology of payment for environmental services on Juma´s RDS and a sustainable development model, as in its practice it is not satisfying the basic needs not even the present generations maybe the future ones, and even least the good life according the ecodevelopmental principles.