Valoração econômica dos impactos ambientais em assentamentos rurais de Rorainópolis - RR

Abstract

Agrarian Reform has been implemented in Brazil through the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform - INCRA, since 1970, through the establishments of families in areas of the Union. In the specific case of the rural establishments which are located in tropical forest, the INCRA has been adopting the same procedure used in other areas of Brazil that it consists of motivating the subsistence agriculture on short scale. However, specifically in the Amazon region, the procedure requests cutting and burning of forest that generates a considerable environmental impact. Evidence is the Report of Deforestation in Amazon region by Brazilian Environmental Institute - IBAMA of October of 2008, which identifies INCRA as most responsible by the increasing deforestation in Amazon forest. In this case, the research has intended to value, economically, the environmental impacts of productive activities in two rural establishments, which are located in the km 460 on the Federal Highway, BR-174, district of Rorainópolis (RR). Both places have been chosen because they have rainforest characteristics, they are located close to city and the rural establishments began to operate at the same time. The Contingent Valuation Method (MVC) has been used on the research. The MVC is based on the willingness to pay (WTP) and the willingness to accept (WTA) of people on respect to value the environmental assets and liabilities generated by the enterprises. The research has been consisted of 55 questionnaire applications on the family units to value the WTP, which is associated to environmental impacts of their production activities. In accordance with the obtained data, it can identify the subsistence agriculture with corn, rice and cassava; as the main production activities in both rural establishments. The mapping of productive processes of those activities has shown that they request the cutting and the burning of forest. In accordance with the obtained results, it could be concluded that after the inclusion of the costs and environmental benefits in the analysis of the local one presented a monthly WTP of R$ 79,08, and total WTP of R$ 1.977,00. The local two presented a monthly WTP of R$ 87,84, and total WTP of R$ 2.635,20. Those results are reflex of the low level of income observed in the area, on average of R$ 380,00 associate at a low level of information of the local population regarding the profitability obtained with alternatives of maintainable exploration of the forest in foot. In that sense it suggests that after the establishment of the families in forest areas done an information work and should be given a technician and financial support. That could be made possible in the area through a partnership among INCRA, EMBRAPA and BASA. It is a challenge does not to leave the population alone, which wrapped up in an integral and conscious way, it is necessary to give continuity to do not lose the hopes in real actions to build the local environmental citizenship.