Fortalecimento da democracia participativa e do controle social nos municípios do interior do Amazonas por meio do orçamento participativo

Abstract

The present research deals with a study on the application of the Participatory Budget in the municipalities of the interior of the state of Amazonas and how the implementation of this direct participation tool can influence the improvement of public management and consequently the quality of life of the inhabitants of the interior, as well as providing a democratic strengthening through social control. To this end, the work will focus on the theory of democracy, through bibliographic research, with emphasis on understanding the aspects related to the representative, participatory and deliberative models, under the opportunity to explore the aspects that differentiate them and the main flaws and difficulties pertaining to each of these models. From this reflection, it will be possible to resolve the reasons that lead to envision the Participatory Budget as a tool for strengthening democracy and citizen action, as well as understanding the precepts that surround accountability, as an obligation imposed on public managers to justify their actions. acts and present to society how they seek and fight for the public interest. In the meantime, the explanations regarding the Participatory Budget will begin, which will take place through the analysis of Brazilian legislation, as well as the experience of more than thirty years of this instrument in Porto Alegre - RS, using techniques of explanatory research. and exploratory. Once the positive and negative aspects of the Participatory Budget have been verified, we proceed to contextualize the Amazonian scenario, through the hypothetical-deductive method. The state of Amazonas, as the holder of sui generis characteristics, which impose unique conditions on its population, both due to geographic elements and socioeconomic issues, demands a specific assessment. In order to prove this fact, it makes use of a survey of data made by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics – IBGE and, occasionally, of its Human Development Index of Municipalities – HDI-M, which portrays the situation of the municipalities in the interior of Amazonas in the thirty years, from the perspective of education, health and income. Having demonstrated the particularities of the mainland state, Amazonas, we move on to a reflection on the role that the Participatory Budget should assume in order to guarantee an improvement in the quality of life of the populations in the interior. In the end, the first steps for the effective implementation of the tool to the Amazonian reality are presented, in order to have a guiding document, which should also be seen as a fuel for achieving the feat. In these first steps, emphasis is given to the role of each of the agents necessarily involved: Executive, Legislative and civil society, but also the possibility of acting by the Court of Auditors of the State of Amazonas, as an external agent, guarantor not only of the compliance with constitutional principles and precepts, as well as an educator, guiding those involved in the technical aspects related to the use of the Participatory Budget.