Geomorfologia aplicada a caracterização da vulnerabilidade à erosão dos solos em Rio Preto da Eva (AM)

Abstract

The erosive process is a natural phenomenon of modeling and reshaping of the relief that occurs due to the wearing away of soil and/or rock. For this reason, the geomorphology of the earth's surface is constantly changing. Among the most common products resulting from environmental degradation are gully-type erosive features, formed as a result of concentrated surface and/or subsurface water runoff on the soil. Such degradation refers to the vulnerability of the relief to the erosive process. The vulnerability associated to soil erosion is a product of research that aims to identify the fragility arising from processes resulting from water erosion. Thus, the main objective of this research was to analyze the geomorphology of the municipality of Rio Preto da Eva (AM) from the point of view of vulnerability to soil erosion and the emergence of landslides. This work was supported by the research method of the Systemic Approach aiming at the connectivity between natural (geology, geomorphology, soil, hydrography, vegetation and rainfall) and human elements for a better understanding of the relationship between geomorphology, vulnerability to erosion and landslides. For the execution of the objectives, the Geographic Information System (GIS) was used, where the Topodata-INPE MDE images, satellite images and vectorial data from IBGE and CPRM (Geology, Geomorphology, Hydrography, Soil) were processed. The data processing enabled an analysis of the geomorphometric data (hypsometry, slope, curvatures and slope shapes), as well as the natural and environmental vulnerability maps. The results provided the spatialization of the geomorphometric characterizations of the relief of the municipality, thus, a deduction of the processes that occur on it. The vulnerability maps showed a degree of low to medium vulnerability due to the fact that most of the municipality presents a preserved forest, without anthropic interference, which makes the environment more stable. In the areas of impact from anthropic activities six gullies were identified, three in the urban area and three along the AM - 010 highway. The appearance of the features occurred in naturally vulnerable areas that added to human intervention culminated in the emergence of the gullies. The dynamism of natural processes added to human actions on the relief, contributes greatly to the occurrence of more intense erosive processes, which result in the emergence and expansion of gullies. It is hoped that this study can add to other studies, to support future planning for this municipality, thus contributing to a better understanding of the local environment.