Florescimento em guaranazeiro (Paullinia cupana var. sorbillis)

Abstract

The guarana, Paulinia cupana var. sorbilis, is a native plant and grown in the Amazon region. His greatest production was concentrated in the State Amazonas, Bahia, but currently the largest producer and Acre, Para, Mato Grosso, Rondônia are major producers. (Calderazo et. Al., 1986). The expansion of its culture is attributed to great use in industry soft drinks and pharmacopeia. Belonging to the family Sapindaceae, is a plant lowland tropical, shrubs, woody vines adapted to the climate hot and humid, produces the fruit known as guarana. Geographically There are two varieties defined, and sorbilis typica: being the first is the most widely cultivated, accounting for nearly all domestic production, the the second found in limited quantities in the river basins of the Upper Orinoco and Rio Negro. The objectives of this dissertation were to verify the occurrence of patterns different flowering among clones of guarana, maintained with and without fertilization; probe the existence of orthologs (homologous sequences) of genes Arabidopsis involved in flowering in plants and guarana, analyze the spatial and temporal expression of orthologous genes LEAFY, AGAMOUS and apetala in vegetative tissues and reproductive guarana. Took place during the flowering period of 2004 (August to October) were counted in ten inflorescences of four plants of each clone in three segments of its rachis and number of flowers functionally male and functionally female. Statistical analysis was done by tabulating the weekly number of female flowers and male to facilitate the analysis of correlation with the length of inflorescences. The results suggest that the occurrence of phase predominantly in female inflorescences is a feature less that the number of plastic phases predominantly male. To amplify by RT-PCR total RNA from different tissues and DNA of guarana primers were synthesized for apetala, LEAFY, AGAMOUS and primers for the actin gene transcripts were used as control of RNA concentration. Transcription experiments RT and amplification were carried out at temperatures of annealing primers 45 to 50 ° C, generating very faint specific bands and / or mainly nonspecific. . The results achieved not by state shows that the guarana genes LEAFY, AGAMOUS and apetala 1 highly similar sequences that served as the template for the synthesis of primers.