Desmatamento e plano diretor: um estudo multitemporal dos municípios da região metropolitana de Manaus

Abstract

Established by Federal Law No. 10,257 of 2001, known as the Statute of Cities, the Master Plan is the basic instrument of the development policy and urban expansion of the Brazilian municipalities. Its main objective is to define and order the expansion, operation and territorial planning of the city, as well as to guide its occupation and investments. It also seeks to guide the actions of the State in order to contemplate collective interests and guarantee the participatory and democratic management of the city. Established in 2007, through State Complementary Law No. 52, it brings together 13 municipalities in the state of Amazonas. They are: Manaus, Itacoatiara, Presidente Figueiredo, Manacapuru, Iranduba, Careiro, Itapiranga, Novo Airão, Autazes, Careiro da Várzea, Manaquiri, Rio Preto da Eva and Silves. Official data indicate that in recent years, the Metropolitan Region of Manaus has been undergoing an intense process of removal of its vegetation cover, breaking the maximum limit of deforestation in its municipalities. Through this research, we seek to investigate the alteration of the vegetation cover in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus, seeking to establish a relationship with the approval of the Executive Plans in the municipalities that comprise it and, for the municipalities that do not have it, to draw a comparison of the progress of deforestation between both protected and unprotected areas. To do so, we used geoprocessing as a primary source for the acquisition of the data analysis tool of the observed phenomena, made available by official bodies such as the National Indian Foundation (Funai), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the Ministry of (MMA) and Program of the National Institute of Space Research (INPE) for Monitoring Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PRODES), as well as consulting the Laws that discuss the territorial arrangement of each of the municipalities targeted by this study. Then, in the possession of this data set, we proceeded to the treatment, selection and organization of information pertinent to the object of study, translated into graphs and tables. For the production of the cartographic set of the research was used the Quantum Gis (QGis, version 3.0.1), free software and multiplatform geographic information system (GIS) that allowed the assembly of an annual deforestation index for each municipality, within a multitemporal series that comprised every year between 2001 and 2015. It was evident that all municipalities in the study area accumulated losses of vegetation cover in protected and unprotected areas, indiscriminately (except for the municipality of Silves, which has no protected area). The group of municipalities that have a Master Plan had an average increase of 163.62 km² of deforested area between 2001 and 2015, while the group of those that do not have a Master Plan, obtained an average increase of 133.42 km² of deforested area in the series historical. In this way, we concluded that the Master Plans were important to reduce the progress of deforestation in the area of study, but were not alone responsible for this. Factors not contemplated by this research also contributed to the average advance of deforestation in the RMM decreasing between 2001 and 2015.