A realização dos fonemas /l/ e /n/, diante de [i, j], e de /ʎ/ e /ɲ/, entre vogais, na fala dos moradores de Anamã e Beruri (AM): um estudo variacionista

Abstract

This work aimed to investigate the realization of the phonemes /l/ and /n/, in front of /i/, and /ʎ/ and /ɲ/, between vowels, in the speech of Portuguese spoken in the cities of Anamã and Beruri, in Amazonas. This research has as theoretical-methodological framework the Variationist Sociolinguistics and Geolinguistics. For analysis of phoneme realization, linguistic independent variables (prior context, following context, stress, number of syllables, word position, morphological class and word degree) and extralinguistic independent variables (age group, sex and location) were controlled. The data were collected through the application of a phonetic-phonological questionnaire containing 204 words divided among the studied phonemes /l/, /n/, /ʎ/ and /ɲ/. Twelve non-schooled informants or up to the 4th grade of Elementary School I were interviewed, 6 in each location, divided into three age groups (18 to 35 years old, 36 to 55 years old and 56 years old onwards), one male and one woman for each age group. Data were phonetically transcribed, coded, and subjected to statistical rounds using the GoldVarb X program. For /l/ in the context of /i/, 642 occurrences were recorded, 599 of the palatal variant [ʎ], corresponding to 93.3% of the data, and 43 occurrences of the alveolar variant [l], which corresponds to 6.7%. For /n/, 144 occurrences were recorded in the context of /i/, distributed between the palatal nasal variant [ɲ], with 118 occurrences corresponding to 81.9% of the data, and the vocalized variant [j], with 26 occurrences corresponding to at 18.1%. For /ʎ/, 737 data were counted, with 339 occurrences of the palatal lateral variant [ʎ], which corresponds to 46.0% of the data, and 398 occurrences of the palatalized variant [lʲ], which corresponds to 54.0%. For /ɲ/, there were 793 occurrences, 452 data with deletion [Ø], 318 data with vocalization [j], and 23 with the palatal nasal [ɲ].The general results indicated a high frequency of palatalization, vocalization and deletion in the investigated speech communities.