Condições de vida dos imigrantes haitianos no Centro de Acolhimento da Pastoral de Migrante, Manaus/AM

Abstract

The city of Manaus, capital of the State of Amazonas, has been receiving a high number of Haitians who are commonly seen on the streets, in commercial establishments and "thickening" the lines of sine - National Employment System; being easily recognized by the differentiated physical characteristics and by the accent and language unknown by the local population. This study addresses Haitian migration and Brazilian social assistance public policy, following the logic of the path of Haitian immigrants, from their sociocultural and political experience in Haiti, through the motivations of their displacement to the Brazil until its stay in the city of Manaus. The general objective of the research was to analyze the living conditions of Haitian immigrants through the Brazilian public social assistance policy, whose specific objectives are: to know the Public Policies of Social Assistance on migration in Brazil; examine the historical and contextual elements of Haitian migration to Brazil; identify the living conditions of Haitian immigrants at the Reception Center for the Pastoral Care of Migrants in Manaus. As for methodological procedures, for closer approximation of the researched reality, the quali-quanti approach was adopted, with priority for qualitative and quantitative analysis as a smaller one; with the conduct of semi-structured interviews with 10 Haitian immigrants, in the analytical approach, the content analysis technique was used to interpret the reports. The results obtained revealed that the living conditions of Haitian immigrants in the city of Manaus are extremely difficult due to the lack of effective access. The problem that Haitian immigrants face stem: from the expressions of the social issue inherent to the contradictions of the capitalist system and the restrictive, selective and precarious nature of the provision of public policy services. These in addition to the system generate impoverishment and forced migration from Haiti to Brazil, in the local context aggravate human and social needs, are they: lack or precariousness of meeting fundamental human needs (food, clothing, housing, leisure, well-being and quality of life, decent work), because they experience the exploitation of work (low wages, disrespect for labor rights), unemployment or precarious employment; disrespect their identity as being Haitian (prejudice, discrimination). Finally, this research aims to collaborate for the theoretical- practical deepening of migration studies, bringing a relevant and timely perspective in the current episode that is the State of Amazonas and dialogues with.