Método variacional no estudo do modelo de Heisenberg frustrado antiferromagnético numa rede quadrada anisotrópica

Abstract

Recently, the quantum spin ½ Heisenberg model with antiferromagnetic competitive interactions between first (J1) and second (J2) neighbors on a square lattice (called J1-J2 Heisenberg model) has been extensively studied by several methods, where the critical properties are relatively well known at T = 0. For small (α < α1c) and large (α > α2c) values of the parameter of frustration α = J2/J1 we ordered two states: the state of Néel (or antiferromagnetic-AF) and collinear antiferromagnetic (CAF), respectively, which are separated by a disordered state (spin-liquid SL). The CAF state consists of spins oriented parallel along the chain and antiparalelamente between chains, whereas the SL state is believed to be represented by the settings singlet states of dimers or platelets randomly oriented over the entire square lattice. Many debates were devoted to that kind of phase transition order at points α = α1c and α = α2c, concluding in a first-order one, respectively. Years ago, Oliveira [Phys. Rev. B 43, 6181 (1991)] proposed a variational method which uses as its starting point the ground state of the product states of isolated platelets (singlets), thus obtaining the magnetization subnet A, mA, and average internal energy as a function of α. Qualitative results described above were observed with values for points of the same phase transitions α1c ≈ 0.41 and α2c ≈ 0.68. In this work we will generalize this variational method to include a spatial anisotropy for the exchange, which consists of interactions of different first neighbors J1 - horizontal (vertical) and J1 = λJ1 - vertical (horizontal), with all interactions seconds to neighbors along the diagonals with the same intensity J2 (called model J1-J1 -J2 Heisenberg). We discuss the phase diagram at T = 0 plane λ-α, the behavior of order parameters and average internal energy AF and CAF phases as a function of α for various values of the spatial anisotropy λ. Our goal is to analyze the effect of anisotropy on the disordered state (SL), in which some methods (nonlinear waves spins, expanding in series) have provided that this state exist each value of 0<λ≤1, whereas other ones (field effective spin waves linear, coupled cluster) are foreseen only the SL state to high anisotropy values (λ>λ1) and a first-order phase transition between the phases AF and CAF.