Consumo alimentar em adolescentes na Região Norte e fatores associados

Abstract

The study verifies the differences between the consumption of typical foods from the northern region and cardiovascular risk factors in school adolescents from the northern region of Brazil. This project is part of a larger study called “Cardiovascular Risk Study in Adolescents” (ERICA), a national school-based multicenter cross-sectional study, conducted between 2013 and 2014. A sample consisted of 7,041 adolescents aged 1217 attending schools. public and private facilities in 10 cities in the northern region with over 100,000 inhabitants. Sociodemographic information, lifestyle, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and biochemical tests were collected. Food intake data were used by R24h. In descriptive analyzes, quantitative variables were described in prevalence with confidence interval, and qualitative in frequencies, a comparison was made by the chi-square test, considering the value of p <0.05 for statistical significance. For analysis of the statistics of interest, the Poisson Regression model was used. The high prevalence prevalences of overweight (16.0%), obesity (7.0%), hypertension (9%), high total cholesterol (16.2%) and low HDL cholesterol (58.9%). Boys had higher prevalence of mothers with higher education and belong to classes A and B, were more physically active, obese, hypertensive and with high glycemic profile. Already girls higher prevalence of total cholesterol and high LDL and low HDL. Adolescents from public schools had higher black and brown prevalence, mothers with less education and belonged to classes C and D, as well as more physically active. In private schools there were higher prevalence of alcoholism, higher glycosylated hemoglobin, higher total cholesterol and LDL and higher presence of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of adolescents who consumed foods considered typical of the Northern Region was 27%. Of the foods consumed, 3.3% were considered regional, with fish being the most consumed, followed by acai, banana, cupuaçu and guarana. Inadequate energy consumption was 53.7%, protein intake below EAR reached 77%, fiber inadequacy 95.9% and 96% consumption above AI and 3.4% above from UL. Boys had a higher prevalence of low energy, protein, fiber and retinol consumption, as well as higher sodium consumption, while girls had a higher prevalence of low iron, potassium and zinc consumption. Adolescents from private schools included the highest prevalence of energy intake below the recommendation and public schools above the recommendation, as for protein, adolescents from private schools had higher consumption below the EAR. Inadequate levels of calcium and retinol were higher in public schools. Energy intake below recommendation, protein above EAR, and inadequate fiber, calcium, iron, retinol, potassium and copper were higher in adolescents who did not eat regional foods. The association between consumption of typical food from the Northern Region and health outcomes was not classified. School region, socioeconomic class and energy, protein and fiber intake were associated with regional food intake.