A situação sociolinguística e o ensino de língua portuguesa em contexto indígena Munduruku na Região do Médio/Alto Tapajós – Estado do Pará

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the process teaching-learning of Portuguese language in the Munduruku indigenous context, presenting the sociolinguistic reality of the medium/upper Tapajós region, specifically, in the area of Itaituba and Jacareacanga municipalities, in the State of Pará. Additionally, it presents the profile of teachers who work in the region, and it evaluates how the Portuguese language and the Munduruku indigenous language coexist in school contexts. The research has an ethnographic inspiration whose approach is qualitative and quantitative, and it was based on field research with application of questionnaires addressed to teachers, students and other speakers of the communities, and to responsible local people of the indigenous education sections in the studied areas. For purposes of theoretical foundation, to define data and later systematization and analysis of the data, this study was based on D'Angelis (2013); Souza (2006), Maher (1994, 1996, 2006), Cavalcanti & Maher (2005); D'Angelis (2002, 2013), Guimarães (2002), Fargeti & Moscardini (2013), Silva (2004); Simas & Pereira (2012); Gomes (2006), Gorete Neto (2009), Souza Filho (2011) among other authors who guided their studies on the teaching of languages in interethnic context. Through the analysis, it was noticed that the indigenous school presents the same structure, school curriculum and teaching model of the non-indigenous school, since the approach used is not differentiated, leading to a cultural distance between what is taught in the classroom and what is lived in the communities. The classes of Portuguese language, which should be inspired by an interactionist and a functional vision of teaching, encourage monolingualism in Portuguese, for the majority of teachers who works in Ensino Fundamental II, with the subject Portuguese Language, does not know the Munduruku Indigenous Language, that in some contexts, is the mother tongue of the indigenous person (the Munduruku), and works on traditional models, based on prescriptive grammar, making the teaching-learning process more complex, tiresome and decontextualized.