Avaliação do rendimento da madeira de árvores de floresta em pé por meio de metodologia não destrutiva

Abstract

In the last years, it has been found in wood technology an intensive development of research in service the needs of this sector , especially those related to wood quality. A main advance in the characterization of materials is the application of non -destructive techniques. The use of new technologies for technological characterization of tropical woods such as nondestructive methods are essential to prevent waste throughout the production process, since there will be proper use of raw wood in the forest-based industries , increasing their yield and production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of non-destructive techniques for applying stress wave and pulse tomography in identifying the state of health of the wood of standing trees in the forest. The study was conducted in an area belonging to Lumber Itacoatiara Ltda. and an area of 01 hectare at the Experimental Station of Tropical Forestry - Center ZF - 2 - INPA. In the area of Mil Lumber was performed diagnosis occurrence of the hollow exploited trees. In ZF - 2 were inventoried all trees within a range of 25 cm DBH 60 cm , selecting 20 individuals to apply non-destructive techniques. The analysis of the standing tree was performed by issuing technique of stress waves in the longitudinal, transverse and diagonal directions, and the tomography pulse, which generated an image of the cross section of the wood. We used the cubed Smallian formula to determine the total volume of wood, wood working volume (volume of solid wood discounting the volume of the hollow) and volume of usable wood using data from Impulse tomography. Disks of trees and logs were subsequently deployed at the sawmill were removed. These data were compared with the classification made in Decision tree software verifying the relationship between these variables. In the first stage of the research, it was found that there isn’t a definite pattern of occurrence of hollow for the trees studied, both between different species and in individuals of the same species. In the area of ZF - 2 19 subjects were evaluated, and 05 detected the occurrence of hollow. For Stress Wave Timer has not been possible to estimate the state of health only as average speed. The tomography showed a good relationship with the actual state of health of trees after operation, being a useful tool for decision - making decision to cut the trees. The Impulse tomography proved to be a useful tool for planning forestry, and more research was needed in this segment to strengthen the sustainable forest management, reducing waste along the chain of the productive sector.