Utilização da Castanha de Macaco (Couroupita guianensis), como ingrediente alternativo na formulação de ração para alimentação de Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) em cativeiro

Abstract

The worrying search for healthier and natural sustainable production alternatives of food with cost reduction and low environmental impact has had an ongoing activity between scientists, researchers and the whole world society, especially in areas of high population density and restricted natural resources. At present, we are seven billion people, it most live with a low rate of nutrition or starvation. This fact highlights the increasing demand for food and the need to investigate alternatives to the creation of new inputs, aiming to fill this gap with production of healthy food by applying technology in the use of natural resources. The fishes are the largest food converters, and tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), an omnivorous species, as a prominent representative of the class, not only for its high rate of feed conversion, as well as by feed naturally “castanha de macaco” (Couroupita guianensis). The main objective of the research has integrated the technology in use of this Amazonian fruit, adaptable to all regions of Brazil and Latin America to produce castanha de macaco flour (FCM), using it to develop a balanced diet (RFCM). Which added in increasing levels to a commercial diet of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The diets were applied in four treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5), compared to the control group (CG-commercial) commonly used in the market applied to tambaqui intensively way of production. The experiment had a duration of 24 months, held in INPA ponds in the city of Manaus - AM. Which evaluated the digestibility of nutrients FCM (ingredient) and RFCM, obtaining respectively 92.38% and 90.92% of the protein digestibility; the biophysiological performance showed an average weight gain (GPM) of 13.27%, higher retention of biomass and lower retention of lipids in carcass, compared to CG. The cost / benefit ratio between the use of RFCM, in relation to feed used in the control group there was a reduction of cost of approximately 35.33%. It concluded that the RFCM is efficient in feeding tambaqui, reducing the cost and production time with the possibility of increased supply of fish in the market and mitigate the pressure on natural stocks