Agricultura familiar: análise comparativa da produção de hortaliças na várzea e terra firme de Parintins, AM

Abstract

The potential of production in the Amazon State counties, to growing vegetables, is quite annoyed… Comparative researches about production of vegetables enter communities, located on the floodplains, or Parintins highlands…represents a way to collect some dates that helps to understand better the evolved process into the agro ecosystems, such as to contribute for reduce gaps that subtact the development of this activities in the region. Objectivizing to know the production of vegetables on the floodplains of Parintins; a comparative research were done, by people answering questionaries’ and systematic observations in 30 unites of productions fields, 17 in floodplains and 13 in highlands, on the months of September of 2015 to February of 2016. Before the production of vegetables, the culture of jut cultivating and the cattle-missing were the most important agriculture activities. The production of vegetables in the highlands, (called as “terra firme” by Amazon local people), is quite new, but in the floodplains takes more than 20 years. The system of production on the suspended garden style, predominated by the both agro ecosystem. In general, the designated places for vegetables production, are very small, that facilities the soil fertilities control. About 65 % of farmers, use mineral fertilizing and 94 % use organic fertilizing. Outstanding as fountains for organic fertilizing the livestock manure 69 %, chicken manure 31 %., and compound 31 % on the highlands the wood stick, 24 % on the flood plains. The vegetables cultivated by 100 % of farmers, were identified like: chives (Allium fistulosum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and chicory (Eringyun foetidum). About the production of unconventional vegetables less than half (31%) of the farmers grow the main species identified like: Jambu (Acmella oleracea) and chicory (Eringyun foetidum L.). The production units studied on the highland, cabbage (8%), pepper (8%), cucumber (8%), hot pepper (15%) and cabbage (15%) are among the species with the lowest number of producers interested in producing them. In floodplain species are: cucumber (8%), melon (12%), eggplant (6%) and lettuce (18%). Three species of vegetables (green onion, coriander and chicory), make up the most cultivated group, either on the mainland or in floodplains. This composition is known as "green smell" and are the most consumed vegetables in peri-urban area of Parintins. Factors that could be considered limiting, the production of vegetables, according to the producers are in the lowland, 1) credit (64%); 2) pests and diseases (24%) and 3) cost of inputs (12%). On land, 1) credit (77%); 2) cost of inputs (69%); 3) technical assistance (69%); 4) low price of the product (15%) and 5) the qualification of the farmer (8%). It appears that the lowland and upland agriculture is mainly characterized by short cycle of vegetable cultivation, with about 10 species of vegetables, and this production is oriented mainly to the supply of urban markets.