Violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes: análise de dados e prevenção no contexto educacional amazônico

Abstract

This study has the general objective of mapping and identifying data on sexual violence against children and adolescents in Manaus/AM and discussing the role of the school as an institution to protect and combat this form of violence. Along with this, we list the following as specific objectives: i) describe concepts such as: sexual violence, rape and sexual exploitation against children and adolescents; ii) collect data on sexual violence against children and adolescents reported to the Notifiable Diseases Information System and analyze them; iii) describe and deepen knowledge regarding the school's role in protecting these victims in relation to sexual violence, highlighting the official documents from Manaus/AM on the subject. The theoretical approach is through Cultural Studies as a way of contemplating the following guiding questions: Since Manaus is a city in the state of Amazonas with a high rate of cases of sexual violence against children and adolescents, what state and municipal public policies aim to reduce this scenario? Which actions are educational in nature? Do they articulate with the Amazon reality? We carry out bibliographic and documentary research, in order to bring current legislation that guarantees human rights, as well as authors who address this topic. We note that this research is characterized as qualitative, in which we analyzed data relating to cases of sexual violence against children and adolescents through the Notification System Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and cited the Municipal Education Plan of Manaus/ AM, with the intention of exploring what has been done at the school to combat these violations. The results indicate that the Amazon capital currently has the highest rate of cases of sexual violence against children and adolescents among cities in the metropolitan region; and among the most recent significant actions dedicated to the educational field, we identified the creation of Municipal Law 2,195/16, which obliges the municipal education network to include in its programmatic content guidance for preventing child sexual violence and creation of the Escola que Cuida Project, with the aim of combating sexual abuse. Despite these efforts, there is still a barrier in relation to access and organization of data, which directly reflects on strategies for combating, disseminating and researching, in addition to the lack of improvement in collection and recording mechanisms, making visibility and understanding of the dimension of the problem. Therefore, we conclude that public policies play a fundamental role in protecting against sexual violence directed at children and adolescents. And it is through comprehensive strategies, such as educational, prevention, training and support programs, that it will be possible to combat the problem on several fronts. The effective implementation of these policies is essential to promote awareness, reporting and assistance to victims, as well as to foster a culture of respect and protection of rights, helping to build a more just society.