Ecodesign na logística reversa: modelo conceitual de descarte de resíduos da agroindústria do açaí do Amazonas (Euterpe precatoria Mart.)

Abstract

Law 12.305 of 2010, which regulates the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), in Article 3, point V, establishes the selective collection and collection of solid waste according to its chemical constitution. Other rules dealing with the environment, health conditions and production procedures follow the same logic of regulating waste treatment. The açaí (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) agro-industry has progressively intensified in the state of Amazonas, but one of the worrying factors today is the inadequate disposal of biomass from the processing of this industry. There is still a noticeable lack of awareness of the correct disposal of this waste as an environmental risk factor, even in the face of clear evidence of climate change on the planet. One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 12) emphasizes issues relating to sustainable consumption and production, and in this context the United Nations (UN) recommends halving food waste in production and supply chains by 2030, including post-harvest losses. This work addresses some parameters related to the metrics of governance and management of açaí agro-industrial waste in the state of Amazonas, pointing out Conceptual Design Models (Ecodesign - Product Life Cycle) of alternatives used in various inputs within the standards adopted by national and international public policies. The methodology applied in the project is based on analytical, exploratory, qualitative, quantitative and descriptive documentary research, based on specific research obtained from academic, institutional and business data platforms, with the case study being an açaí agroindustry in the municipality of Manacapuru (AM). The results were advocated through Ecodesign, using sustainability metrics aimed at the waste from the açaí agroindustry based on a circular economy. The identification of sustainable design methodologies was metrized in the research, considering aspects related to the level of technological maturity based on the TRL/MRL Scale (Technology Readiness Levels and Manufacturing) to technically evaluate a technology and fit it into the Technological Maturity Levels of a product and MTLs (Manufacturing Readiness Levels), the maturity levels of a process. An exploratory approach was carried out using semi-structured questionnaires with the company that was the focus of the case study. Next, Ecodesign Conceptual Models were applied, developed in the construction of an infographic based on analytical and documentary research, with the guiding question being Reverse Logistics considering a circular economy to meet the disposal and use procedures for waste from the açaí agro-industry in Amazonas. The results of this research point to appropriate solutions for the process of disposing of processed waste, offering subsidies to the Manacapuru agro-industrial company in the energetic use of waste to feed the ceramics industry in the municipality of Iranduba, thus favoring a circular economy and Reverse Logistics of this input, which has currently favored other Brazilian states.