Riscos e vulnerabilidades associadas à tuberculose em Manaus - AM

Abstract

This research aimed to analyze the areas of urban socio-environmental risks and vulnerabilities in relation to tuberculosis in Manaus. As an analysis plan, the Urban Environmental System proposed by Mendonça (2001) was used, which through its subsystems: the natural, the built and the social systemically analyzed Tuberculosis in the years 2007 to 2017. The climatic data used were : Rainfall, Temperature (Maximum, Minimum and Average) and Relative Air Humidity both available on the INMET and CPTEC / INPE website, of these correlation graphs were made with the cases and statistical techniques such as Pearson Correlation (r) and Coefficient of Determination (r²) in order to understand which variable was most related to the disease during the years analyzed, in addition to the rainfall data obtained through SERIEVIEW, after standardization and averages, the interpolation of these data was made in order to understand how it is spatially distributed in the city. Tuberculosis data were obtained from SEMSA data, tabulated through disease confirmation and follow-up forms. The socioeconomic variables of the 2010 IBGE Census were used, such as basic sanitation services (sewage, water and garbage), income, education and population per household. Static techniques were applied such as the Medians Technique, which was applied in the construction of socio-environmental indicators, and later used in the multi-criteria analysis through the steps of standardization and application of weights to characterize neighborhoods with low, medium-low, medium-high vulnerability or high to Tuberculosis, another technique used was the calculation of incidences to establish the levels of risk for the disease and the identification of these areas in Manaus. The results identified that tuberculosis occurs throughout the year in the city of Manaus, being little more incisive in the dry period, having a correlation with lower total rainfall, relative humidity between 68 and 75% and higher temperatures, despite having cases during throughout the year, tuberculosis showed a weak relationship with the climatic variables, however significant. We can also infer that the male gender is still the most affected by the disease, where the age groups most affected by the disease are young people from 20 to 29 years old and elderly people over 80 years old, of these the co-morbidities associated with the disease were HIV / AIDS , Diabetes and Alcoholism/Smoking, and in the vast majority of cases confirmed during the years analyzed, they are people with low education and income up to one minimum wage. About the socio-environmental determinants of Tuberculosis, identified after the construction of the indicators, they showed a strong spatial relationship with the precariousness of environmental sanitation and with the conditions of poverty. For the neighborhoods that showed greater vulnerability to the disease were the neighborhoods: Jorge Teixeira, Cidade Nova, Lago Azul, Educandos and Distrito Industrial II also have problems with sanitation services, enhancing the formation of environments conducive to the development and spread of the disease.