Mercadologização de corpos indígenas: um estudo socio-jurídico sobre o impacto da exploração de ouro ilegal na Terra Indígena Yanomami, no período de 2020-2023

Abstract

The present research focuses on the impact of illegal gold mining in the Yanomami Indigenous Land from 2020-2023. The research problem consists of investigating to what extent the practice of illegal gold mining is correlated with the humanitarian and health crisis in the Yanomami Indigenous Land in 2020-2023 and its convergence with a commodification project of the indigenous body. This problem aligns with the general research objective, which is to analyze the increase in illegal gold mining in the Yanomami Indigenous Land from 2020-2023 and its correlation with a neoliberal and colonial logic of exploiting indigenous territories. The dissertation is structured and developed in four chapters. The first chapter correlates the logic of colonial expansion and the pursuit of advancing the frontiers of primitive capital accumulation with the current encroachments on indigenous lands, especially the Yanomami Indigenous Land. The second chapter historically analyzes constitutional and legal parameters related to the mining sector and the protection of indigenous lands. The third chapter compiles current data related to illegal mining in the Yanomami Indigenous Land. Finally, the fourth chapter critically analyzes this data from the perspective of the commodification of Yanomami bodies in the name of profit and the adoption of an individualistic neoliberal policy at the expense of collectivity and cultural diversity. This is a qualitative research using the dialectical method of analysis with the use of bibliographical and documentary resources. In terms of results, it is argued that the logic of state omission in ensuring the application of the constitutional text serves private interests of sectors connected to national elites with political and economic power, consciously ignoring the fundamental rights of indigenous peoples, always seeking to maximize their profits from a market-oriented perspective, thus preventing the construction of truly sovereign and democratic alternatives in Brazil.