Condições de viabilização e acesso à aposentadoria rural em Maués/Am

Abstract

The Social Security policy in Brazil had its first contours begun in 1923 with the purpose of introducing a social insurance system based on the Bismarckian perspective of social protection that historically was incapable of recognizing categories of workers that were not inserted within the standards of wage labor. At this juncture the small rural family farmers remained for long unprotected periods of the social protection policies that in that context were being created. The change in this scenario occurred only through a process of struggle for the expansion of social rights carried out by all rural workers, whose most democratic achievements were written in the Federal Constitution of 1988, especially regarding the forms of participation of these workers in the costing of the social security system From the evidence of the effective exercise of rural activity, in which the social value of rural labor was recognized within a more comprehensive and universal social protection model. However, the advance of the neoliberal project on a global scale imposed significant losses under social policies. In this context of retraction of rights, it was identified in this study that retirement by rural age is not reaching more than half of the rural population that should be served. For this reason, the objective of this study was to analyze the conditions of viability and access to retirement by rural age with the small family farmers living in the riverside communities of Menino Deus and Santo Antônio do Mucajá, as well as with the professionals of the National Institute of Social Security INSS) of the Maués and Manaus agencies. Field research was carried out during the period of January 2015 and June 2016. The theoretical-methodological foundation was based on the perspective of critical-dialectical theory, based on the method of dialectical historical materialism. Among the main results obtained stand out limitations in the channels of access to qualified information; Difficulties of proving the exercise of rural activity through an extensive set of evidence; Documentary requirements in the name of the insured applicant that disqualify the family savings scheme. As suggestions, this study recommended the extension of the channels of disclosure and guidelines related to the access to social security rights; The creation and / or resumption of access channels (itinerant boats) to the riverside communities and the creation of mechanisms to strengthen the socio-welfare network of the municipality of Maués.